Route family: Study
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Countries
| Country and route | Status | Instrument type | Initial duration | Renewable | Work rights | Counts toward permanent residence | Presence rules | Family members may be included | Headline fee | Enrolment status required | Means requirement | Work-hours cap | Post-study route exists |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria Residence Permit – Pupil | Active as of 2026-08-12[10][14] | residence permit as of 2026-08-12[13] An Aufenthaltsbewilligung under NAG § 8 Abs. 1 Z 12 — temporary residence without an intention to settle. | 12 months as of 2026-08-12[8][10] NAG § 20 Abs. 1: twelve months, § 63 specifying no longer period. | Yes as of 2026-08-12[10] NAG § 63 Abs. 3 governs extension and conditions it on evidence of school success. | hours capped as of 2026-08-12[5][10] NAG § 63 Abs. 2 refers work rights to the AuslBG, and the activity must not impair school education as the exclusive purpose of residence. migration.gv.at: a pupil needs a Beschäftigungsbewilligung, available for up to 20 hours a week without a labour-market test, including for marginal employment. | Yes as of 2026-08-12[9][14] | No as of 2026-08-12[5][12] NAG § 69 Abs. 2 expressly excludes family members of a holder of an Aufenthaltsbewilligung for pupils (§ 63) from the derived „Familiengemeinschaft“ permission, alongside Betriebsentsandte, Selbständige, certain Sonderfälle, Sozialdienstleistende, Freiwillige and Grenzgänger. This is a sourced prohibition, not an absence of provision. | application: EUR 218 as of 2026-08-12[5][14] EUR 218, stated by the Federal Ministry of the Interior on the oesterreich.gv.at page for this permission. | admitted as of 2026-08-12[5][10] A written confirmation of admission is required. NAG § 63 Abs. 1 lists the qualifying institutions: ordinary pupils of a public school, of a private school with public status or of a statute school with public status; pupils of a certified non-school educational institution under § 70; extraordinary pupils on a first permission; pupils of a private school whose public status was granted in the preceding school year and reapplied for; pupils of a school for health care and nursing or a nursing-assistance course under the GuKG; pupils of a school for social-care professions; and pupils of the higher and specialist schools for nursing and social care under the SchOG. | EUR 722.58 per month as of 2026-08-12[5] | 20 as of 2026-08-12[5] migration.gv.at: a Beschäftigungsbewilligung for up to 20 hours a week is available without a labour-market test. | No as of 2026-08-12[10][11] NAG § 63 provides no job-search or graduate follow-on permission. The twelve-month job-search extension in NAG § 64 Abs. 4 is confined to holders of the student permission who have completed a programme under § 64 Abs. 1 Z 2, 3, 5 or 7. | |
| Austria Residence Permit – Student | Active as of 2026-08-12[11][15] | residence permit as of 2026-08-12[13] An Aufenthaltsbewilligung under NAG § 8 Abs. 1 Z 12 — a temporary residence permission granted without an intention to settle, which is a materially different instrument from the settlement titles in this record even though the vocabulary calls both residence_permit. | 12 months as of 2026-08-12[8][15] NAG § 20 Abs. 1 read with oesterreich.gv.at: one year. NAG § 64 Abs. 6 requires two years instead where the student takes part in a Union or multilateral mobility programme or is covered by an agreement between two or more higher-education institutions. | Yes as of 2026-08-12[11][15] NAG § 64 Abs. 2 governs extension and conditions it on evidence of study progress. | hours capped as of 2026-08-12[5][11] NAG § 64 Abs. 3 refers work rights to the AuslBG, and the activity must not impair study as the exclusive purpose of residence. migration.gv.at: a student needs a Beschäftigungsbewilligung, which the employer applies for, and it is available for up to 20 hours a week without a labour-market test — including for marginal employment. Recorded hours_capped for the 20-hour ceiling; the separate authorisation requirement is the second half of the rule and the field holds one value. | Yes as of 2026-08-12[9][15] | Yes as of 2026-08-12[5][12] NAG § 69 Abs. 1: family members of a holder of an Aufenthaltsbewilligung may be granted a derived Aufenthaltsbewilligung, and § 69 Abs. 2's list of excluded sponsor permissions does not include students. Recorded in full as at-aufenthaltsbewilligung-familiengemeinschaft. | application: EUR 218 as of 2026-08-12[5][15] EUR 218, stated by the Federal Ministry of the Interior on the oesterreich.gv.at page for this permission. | admitted as of 2026-08-12[5][11] migration.gv.at requires a written confirmation of admission (Aufnahmebestätigung) as an ordinary or extraordinary student. NAG § 64 Abs. 1 Z 2 to 7 set out which programmes qualify: an ordinary degree programme at a university, university of applied sciences, private university or university college of teacher education; an extraordinary university course of at least 40 ECTS that is not purely language teaching; a preparatory course for a prescribed supplementary examination; an equivalence programme; certain single courses after a preparatory course; and the professional training legally required after a degree. | EUR 722.58 per month as of 2026-08-12[5] | 20 as of 2026-08-12[5] migration.gv.at: a Beschäftigungsbewilligung for up to 20 hours a week is available without a labour-market test. | Yes as of 2026-08-12[3][11] NAG § 64 Abs. 4: a one-off twelve-month extension for job search or business founding after successful completion. | |
| Belgium Authorisation to stay as a student (recognised higher education institution) | Active as of 2026-08-13[22] | residence permit as of 2026-08-13[20] An A card following registration in the register of foreign nationals; a type D national long-stay visa where the application is made abroad. | at least 1 year as of 2026-06-24[16] Art. 61/1/1, para 3: where the authorisation is granted on a certificate of enrolment, its duration is at least one year – at least two years where the course forms part of a Union or multilateral mobility programme or an inter-institutional agreement, unless the conditions are not met for that period. Where the course is shorter, the authorisation covers at least the course. It never exceeds the validity of the passport. Recorded with bound minimum: the statute states a floor, not a term. Where the applicant produced only proof of admission or of registration for an entrance examination, a provisional document covering four months from entry is issued first. | Yes as of 2026-06-24[16] | hours capped as of 2026-08-13[24] Flemish Region: a foreign student holding a valid residence title needs no work authorisation for student work. The A card carries the mention 'labour market – limited', and the holder may work up to 20 hours per week without a work authorisation, provided the work is compatible with the studies and for as long as the A card is valid. The 20-hour limit does not apply during school holidays. Established for the Flemish Region only; Brussels and Wallonia were not read on this point. | Yes as of 2026-06-24[16] Qualified: Aliens Act art. 15bis, para 1, al. 2, 1 excludes a student from the direct grant of EU long-term resident status, but para 2, al. 2 counts study periods at half toward the five years rather than discarding them. So study time counts, at half weight, once the person moves to another status. |
| Yes as of 2026-06-24[16] Art. 10bis, para 1 gives family members of a student a right to authorisation where the student proves stable, regular and sufficient means under art. 10, para 5, sufficient housing meeting the legal safety and health criteria, and health insurance covering the risks in Belgium for himself and the family. The Immigration Office adds a specific exclusion: the formal undertaking of support (Annex 32) made for a student's own benefit cannot be used for this, so a student who wishes to be joined by a spouse and minor children must show means at least equal to the reference amount himself. | application: EUR 251 as of 2026-08-13[17][19] Federal contribution fee (redevance / bijdrage) under Aliens Act art. 1/1, indexed on 1 January each year to the consumer price index. Payable per person; one fee only for a family applying jointly on the same legal basis where the partners are married or legal cohabitants. Non-payment makes the application inadmissible, and the fee is not refunded on refusal or abandonment. Children under 18 are exempt. | admitted as of 2026-06-24[16] Art. 60, para 3, 3 accepts three alternative certificates from a higher-education institution: that the applicant is registered for full-time higher studies or a preparatory year, or that he is admitted to the studies, or that he is registered for an entrance examination or admission test. Recorded 'admitted' because admission – not completed enrolment – is enough to apply; where only admission or an examination registration is produced, art. 61/1/1, para 2 issues a provisional four-month document and requires the enrolment certificate 15 days before it expires. | EUR 1,062 per month as of 2026-03-04[21][23] | 20 as of 2026-08-13[24] Flemish Region: up to 20 hours per week without a work authorisation during the academic year, provided the work is compatible with the studies; no limit during school holidays. Established for the Flemish Region only. | Yes as of 2026-06-24[16][20] The search year of art. 61/1/9, recorded as be-search-year-graduate. |
| Bulgaria long-stay residence permit — person admitted for specialisation training (Foreigners Act, art. 24r) | Active as of 2026-08-25[25][27] | residence permit as of 2026-08-25[25] | up to 1 year as of 2026-08-25[27] ЗЧРБ чл. 24р, ал. 1: 'Разрешение за продължително пребиваване до една година'. | Not established from a qualifying source | Not established from a qualifying source | Not established from a qualifying source |
| Yes as of 2026-08-25[25] ЗЧРБ чл. 24, ал. 1, т. 13 as published by the register: family members of a foreigner who has been granted продължително or постоянно residence, and of a foreigner granted asylum or international protection, may themselves obtain продължително residence where the documents evidencing the family tie and the maintenance right are recognised under Bulgarian law. The family route itself is recorded separately as bg-semeystvo-na-chuzhdenets. | Not recorded | admitted as of 2026-08-25[27] | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value as of 2026-08-25[25] | Not recorded | Not recorded |
| Bulgaria long-stay residence permit — student in full-time higher education (Foreigners Act, art. 24c) | Active as of 2026-08-25[25][29] | residence permit as of 2026-08-25[25] | Not established from a qualifying source as of 2026-08-25[28] | Not established from a qualifying source | hours capped as of 2026-08-25[29] ЗТМТМ чл. 38, ал. 1: third-country nationals who are students in full-time education at a Bulgarian higher-education institution may take short-term employment after registration by the employer with the Employment Agency within 7 days of its start — up to 20 hours a week during the academic year, and during the vacations officially announced by the higher-education institution. | Not established from a qualifying source |
| Yes as of 2026-08-25[25] ЗЧРБ чл. 24, ал. 1, т. 13 as published by the register: family members of a foreigner who has been granted продължително or постоянно residence, and of a foreigner granted asylum or international protection, may themselves obtain продължително residence where the documents evidencing the family tie and the maintenance right are recognised under Bulgarian law. The family route itself is recorded separately as bg-semeystvo-na-chuzhdenets. | Not recorded | admitted as of 2026-08-25[25][29] The register describes the ground as foreigners 'приети като студенти в редовна форма на обучение във висше училище в Република България'; ЗТМТМ чл. 38, ал. 1 speaks of those who are students in full-time education. | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value as of 2026-08-25[25] | 20 as of 2026-08-25[29] ЗТМТМ чл. 38, ал. 1, т. 1: up to 20 hours a week during the academic year. Point 2 adds employment during the officially announced vacations, for which no hours cap is stated. | Yes as of 2026-08-25[29] ЗТМТМ чл. 38, ал. 2: after completing the studies the third-country national may use the rights under чл. 36, ал. 3 — the researcher's post-project job-search right. |
| Bulgaria long-stay residence permit — trainee under a traineeship employment contract (Foreigners Act, art. 24c(11)) | Active as of 2026-08-25[25][29] | residence permit as of 2026-08-25[25] | Not established from a qualifying source as of 2026-08-25[29] Not stated; ЗТМТМ чл. 38а, ал. 1 ties the employment to 'срока на продължителност на стажа'. | Not established from a qualifying source | own activity only as of 2026-08-25[29] ЗТМТМ чл. 38а, ал. 1: employment without a work permit for the duration of the traineeship, under the traineeship employment contract with the local employer. | Not established from a qualifying source |
| Yes as of 2026-08-25[25] ЗЧРБ чл. 24, ал. 1, т. 13 as published by the register: family members of a foreigner who has been granted продължително or постоянно residence, and of a foreigner granted asylum or international protection, may themselves obtain продължително residence where the documents evidencing the family tie and the maintenance right are recognised under Bulgarian law. The family route itself is recorded separately as bg-semeystvo-na-chuzhdenets. | Not recorded | admitted as of 2026-08-25[29] | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value as of 2026-08-25[25] | Not recorded | Not recorded |
| Bulgaria long-stay residence permit — volunteer in the European Voluntary Service (Foreigners Act, art. 24(1)(21) in conjunction with art. 24o) | Active as of 2026-08-25[25] | residence permit as of 2026-08-25[25] | Not established from a qualifying source as of 2026-08-25[25] | Not established from a qualifying source | Not established from a qualifying source as of 2026-08-25[29] | Not established from a qualifying source |
| Yes as of 2026-08-25[25] ЗЧРБ чл. 24, ал. 1, т. 13 as published by the register: family members of a foreigner who has been granted продължително or постоянно residence, and of a foreigner granted asylum or international protection, may themselves obtain продължително residence where the documents evidencing the family tie and the maintenance right are recognised under Bulgarian law. The family route itself is recorded separately as bg-semeystvo-na-chuzhdenets. | Not recorded | Not established from a qualifying source as of 2026-08-25[25] Not stated by the register. The ground rests on participation in the European Voluntary Service within the meaning of чл. 40, ал. 2 of the Youth Act rather than on admission to an educational institution. | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value as of 2026-08-25[25] | Not recorded | Not recorded |
| Croatia temporary stay for the purpose of secondary school education | Active as of 2026-05-27[103][109] | residence permit as of 2026-08-15[103] Granted as temporary stay; the holder is issued a biometric residence permit. | up to 1 year as of 2026-08-15[107] Art. 72(2): the permit for the purpose of secondary school education is issued with a term of validity of up to one year. Unlike art. 73, this article was not given a multi-year form by NN 55/2026. | Yes as of 2026-08-15[107] Art. 62(1): an application to extend is lodged at the latest 60 days before expiry. | hours capped as of 2026-08-15[104][108] Art. 89(1)(11): a person with the status of a full-time pupil may work through authorised agents, without entering an employment relationship, for at most 20 hours a week, without a stay and work permit or a work registration certificate. NN 55/2026 raised the student cap in point 10 to 25 hours and left this point untouched, so the pupil cap remains 20. | Not established from a qualifying source |
| Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value as of 2026-08-15[107] | application: EUR 46.45 as of 2026-08-15[103] Administrative fee for granting temporary stay where the application is lodged at a police administration or station. | enrolled as of 2026-08-15[107] Art. 72(1)(2): the applicant is enrolled in a secondary-school institution. The same paragraph requires participation in a recognised national or regional pupil-exchange programme approved by the education ministry, or in an educational project run by an educational institution; the alternative limb in art. 72(3) requires instead the consent of the ministry responsible for science and education to attend a Croatian secondary school. | 0.15 × average monthly net paid salary, previous year per month as of 2021-02-12[106] | 20 as of 2026-08-15[104][108] Art. 89(1)(11): at most 20 hours a week, and only through authorised agents without entering an employment relationship. | Not established from a qualifying source Not researched; no instrument following completion of secondary education was found in the sources read. |
| Croatia temporary stay for the purpose of university studies | Active as of 2026-05-27[103][109] | residence permit as of 2026-08-15[103] Granted as temporary stay; the holder is issued a biometric residence permit. | up to 3 years as of 2026-05-27[109] Art. 73(2) as substituted by NN 55/2026: the permit is issued either for a term of up to one year, or until the end of the expected duration of the study programme the student is enrolled on and at most three years, in which case the student must deliver a certificate of enrolment for the current academic year to the police administration by 31 October each year. Before that amendment the term was up to one year or to the end of the academic year, so the multi-year permit is new. | Yes as of 2026-05-27[107] Art. 62(1): an application to extend temporary stay is lodged at the latest 60 days before the current permit expires, at the police administration of the holder's place of residence; the holder may remain in Croatia until the decision is enforceable. | hours capped as of 2026-05-27[109] Art. 89(1)(10) as substituted by NN 55/2026: a student on temporary stay for study may work without a stay and work permit or a work registration certificate where the student placement is an integral part of the study programme, and otherwise for at most 25 hours a week doing student work under the rules governing student jobs, or as an employee, or self-employed. The cap was 20 hours before that amendment, and the Ministry's English page still states 20. | Yes as of 2026-05-27[102][109] |
| Yes as of 2025-03-07[103][108] Art. 58(3)(5) expressly allows the close family members of a student under art. 58(3)(3) to lodge at a police administration even where they need a visa, which presupposes that family reunification is open to them; art. 63(4)'s list of sponsor categories excluded from family reunification does not include students. | application: EUR 46.45 as of 2026-08-15[103] Administrative fee for granting temporary stay where the application is lodged at a police administration or station. | enrolled as of 2026-05-27[107][109] Art. 73(1): temporary stay for study is granted to a third-country national who meets the general conditions of art. 59, studies at a higher-education institution in Croatia, and has sufficient funds to return. Art. 73(2) second indent then requires a certificate of enrolment for the current academic year each year, so enrolment rather than mere admission is the operative test. | 0.25 × average monthly net paid salary, previous year per month as of 2021-02-12[106] | 25 as of 2026-05-27[109] Art. 89(1)(10) as substituted by NN 55/2026: at most 25 hours a week, except where the student placement is an integral part of the study programme, in which case the cap does not apply. Raised from 20 hours by that amendment. | Not established from a qualifying source |
| Cyprus School pupils | Active as of 2026-01-02[30][31] | residence permit as of 2026-01-02[30][31] | 1 year as of 2026-01-02[30][31] 'The period of validity of a residence permit for school pupils shall be for the duration of the pupil exchange scheme or the educational project in case this is shorter than one year, or for a maximum of one year.' | Yes as of 2026-01-02[30][31] 'The Department may allow the renewal of the residence permit once for the period necessary to complete the pupil exchange scheme or the educational project.' Discretionary and available once. | own activity only as of 2026-01-02[30][31] The page states no employment right for school pupils; the permit is for the secondary-education programme. | Not established from a qualifying source[30][31] Not stated. | Not established from a qualifying source[30][31] Not stated on the school pupils page. | application: EUR 70 as of 2026-01-02[30][31] Issuance of an entry permit and residence permit. | enrolled as of 2026-01-02[30][31] | Not established from a qualifying source[30][31] No figure is published on the school pupils page. | Not recorded | No as of 2026-01-02[30][31] No post-programme job-search permit is published for school pupils; the 12-month permit is limited to completed studies at EQF level 7 or above and to completed research. | |
| Cyprus Students | Active as of 2025-12-31[32][33] | residence permit as of 2025-12-31[32][33] | up to 1 year as of 2025-12-31[32][33] 'The duration of the permit can be up to one year and is renewable every year by submitting an application until the program of studies followed by the student is completed.' | Yes as of 2025-12-31[32][33] Renewed annually, subject to the student making sufficient progress in the studies under the conditions of the legislation. A change of study programme or institution requires a renewal application with a transfer form, forwarded to the Ministry of Education; where the Ministry does not recommend it the permit is refused, and where the change appears to be made to avoid the academic-progress provisions the permit is not renewed. | hours capped as of 2025-12-31[32][33] Students may be employed in paid economic activity outside study time, in occupations and sectors specified by Order or Decree of the Minister of Labour and Social Insurance published in the Official Gazette, taking the labour market into account. A contract must first be signed and approved by a District Labour Office, with the study schedule attached. Students also have access to occasional paid domestic activity in private households, recorded each time on a special form carried by the student. | Not established from a qualifying source[32][33] Not stated. |
| Not established from a qualifying source[32][33] Not stated on the students page. | application: EUR 70 as of 2025-12-31[32][33] Issuance of an entry permit and residence permit. | admitted as of 2025-12-31[32][33] 'A third-country national who has been accepted by a higher education institution and is admitted to pursue as a main activity a full-time course of study leading to a higher education qualification recognized by the Republic of Cyprus.' The institution must be registered with, recognised by or considered as recognised by the Ministry of Education. | Not established from a qualifying source[32][33] No figure is published. The page states that Council of Ministers Decisions determine 'which evidence they should submit to prove their financial ability to cover their study and living expenses' without stating the amount; the intra-EU mobility section requires evidence of 'sufficient resources to cover subsistence costs without having recourse to Cyprus social assistance system, study costs, as well as the travel costs to the first Member State', again without a figure. | 20 as of 2025-12-31[32][33] 'The maximum number of hours per week during which employment is allowed does not exceed twenty (20) hours and during the period of interruption of classes, the maximum number of hours per week during which employment is allowed does not exceed thirty-eight (38) hours.' The field holds one number; the term-time cap is recorded and the vacation cap of 38 hours is described here. | Yes as of 2025-12-31[32][33] |
| Cyprus Trainees | Active as of 2026-01-02[34][35] | residence permit as of 2026-01-02[34][35] | up to 6 months as of 2026-01-02[34][35] 'The period of validity of a residence permit for trainees shall be for the duration of the training agreement where this is shorter than six months, or for a maximum of six months. If the duration of the agreement is longer than six months, the duration of the validity of residence permit may correspond to the duration of the training agreement.' The six-month ceiling is recorded; the longer-agreement case is discretionary and open-ended, which the duration type cannot express alongside the ceiling. | Yes as of 2026-01-02[34][35] 'The Department may allow the renewal of the residence permit once for the period necessary to complete the traineeship.' Renewal is discretionary and available once. | own activity only as of 2026-01-02[34][35] The permit is for the traineeship described in the training agreement, which fixes the placement and supervision conditions, the traineeship hours and the legal relationship between the trainee and the host entity. | Not established from a qualifying source[34][35] Not stated. | Not established from a qualifying source[34][35] Not stated on the trainees page. | application: EUR 115 as of 2026-01-02[34][35] Issuance of an entry permit and residence permit. | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value as of 2026-01-02[34][35] | Not established from a qualifying source[34][35] No figure is published on the trainees page. | Not recorded | No as of 2026-01-02[34][35] The 12-month job-search permit is published for students who have completed studies and for researchers who have completed a research activity; the trainees page states no equivalent. | |
| Czechia Long-term Residence Permit – Other Educational Activities | Active as of 2026-06-24[37][44] | residence permit as of 2026-06-24[37] A long-term residence permit. | up to 1 year as of 2026-06-24[37] 'It is issued usually for up to 1 year.' The route page's hedge – 'usually' – is the Ministry's, and the Act's residual limbs s. 44(4)(a) and (j) between them cover both a sub-year and an up-to-2-year case, so the ceiling is recorded at the figure the Ministry publishes. | Yes as of 2026-06-24[37] 'You can extend a long-term residence permit repeatedly, usually for up to 1 year at a time', provided the purpose of stay is unchanged. | Not established from a qualifying source | Yes as of 2026-06-12[44] s. 68(2)(a) counts time on a long-term residence permit; the 'ostatní' permit is not on the s. 68(3) exclusion list and, not being a permit 'za účelem studia', is not within the s. 68(2)(d)(1) half-counting either. Recorded on that reading; no source states it affirmatively. | Yes as of 2026-06-12[44] s. 42a(7)(a): the family-reunification permit is issued where the sponsor holds a long-term or permanent residence permit and has resided in the territory for at least 15 months; for the reunification of spouses each must also be at least 20. This route is on none of the fast lists in s. 42a(7)(b)-(e), so the full 15-month qualifying period applies. | application: CZK 2,500 as of 2026-06-24[37] Administrative fee; CZK 1,000 for a minor under 15. | admitted as of 2026-06-24[37] The purpose of stay must be one of the educational activities the route page enumerates, which each presuppose acceptance by the institution or programme: secondary, conservatory or higher vocational study outside an exchange programme; a non-accredited university programme; a branch of a university accredited in another Member State but not in Czechia; post-secondary Czech language courses and specialised courses unavailable in the applicant's country of origin; and study visits and other courses unavailable there. | Not established from a qualifying source The route page states no means test and lists no documents. s. 46(1) applies s. 31(1)(a) to (e) to a long-term residence permit, which includes s. 31(1)(c), proof of funds under s. 13 – but s. 42d(2)(c) shows that the Act sets a bespoke means test where it wants one, and none was found for this route. Recorded unknown. | Not established from a qualifying source Follows the unresolved work_rights: if there is free labour-market access there is no cap, and if there is not there is nothing to cap. | No as of 2026-06-12[44] s. 42(3) opens the job-search permit only to a holder of a study permit under s. 64(a) – studies in an accredited university programme. This route exists precisely because the activity is outside s. 64, so it cannot lead to the job-search permit. | |
| Czechia Long-term Residence Permit in the Czech Republic for the Purpose of Studies | Active as of 2026-07-27[39][44] | residence permit as of 2026-06-12[44] s. 42d(1): a long-term residence permit. | up to 1 year as of 2026-07-27[39][44] s. 44(4)(c): 1 year for a study stay under s. 64(a) or (b) where the expected stay is longer than 1 year. s. 44(4)(f) raises it to 2 years where the study is carried out under an EU or multilateral mobility programme or an agreement between two or more higher-education institutions; s. 44(4)(h) ties a volunteering stay under s. 64(f) to the term of the service contract. The route page states the same shape: 'It can be valid for as long as 1 year, in cases laid down in law for as long as 2 years.' | Yes as of 2026-07-27[39] Conditionally. The route page distinguishes three cases: study in an accredited university programme may be extended repeatedly, for at most 2 years at a time; a language and professional preparation course run by a public university may be extended once only; and in other cases – it gives a study visit and volunteering as examples – the permit cannot be extended at all. | full as of 2026-07-27[39][45] Act No. 435/2004 Coll. s. 98(j): a foreigner who is systematically preparing for a future occupation in Czechia within s. 5 of that Act needs no work permit, employee card or blue card. The route page states the same: 'If you are staying in the Czech Republic for the purpose of studies, you can work here without an additional permit (free access to the labour market).' There is no hours cap in Czech law – see requirements.work_hours_cap. The exemption is keyed to the study, so it falls away when the study ends, which is the mechanism the route page's own worked examples on the employee-card page turn on. | Yes as of 2026-06-12[44] |
| Yes as of 2026-06-12[44] s. 42a(7)(a): the family-reunification permit is issued where the sponsor holds a long-term or permanent residence permit and has resided in the territory for at least 15 months; for the reunification of spouses each must also be at least 20. This route is on none of the fast lists in s. 42a(7)(b)-(e), so the full 15-month qualifying period applies – which for a 1-year study permit means the family generally cannot follow within the first permit. | application: CZK 2,500 as of 2026-07-27[39] Administrative fee for an application lodged at a Ministry of the Interior office. | admitted as of 2026-07-27[39][44] s. 42d(1) requires the stay to be for studies within s. 64, and s. 42d(2)(a) requires the s. 31(1)(b) document confirming the purpose of stay – in practice the admission or enrolment confirmation from the institution. The Act does not distinguish admitted from enrolled; 'admitted' is recorded because the document is produced before arrival. | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value | Not applicable as of 2026-07-27[39][45] | Yes as of 2026-07-01[36][44] s. 42(3): a holder of a study permit under s. 64(a) who has successfully completed the studies may apply for the long-term residence permit for the purpose of seeking employment or starting a business, recorded as cz-job-seeker in the work family. The limb is narrower than the study route itself – it is open only from s. 64(a), studies in an accredited university programme, not from the other six limbs of s. 64. |
| Czechia Long-term Visa – Other Educational Activities | Active as of 2026-06-22[38][44] | national visa as of 2026-06-12[44] A visa for a stay longer than 90 days. | up to 1 year as of 2026-06-22[38][44] 'For a maximum of 1 year', which is also the s. 30(3) ceiling. | Yes as of 2026-06-22[38] Extendable repeatedly up to a 1-year total; beyond that the holder must apply for the long-term residence permit. | Not established from a qualifying source | Yes as of 2026-06-12[44] s. 68(2)(a) counts time on a long-term visa; the 'ostatní' visa is not on the s. 68(3) exclusion list and is not a study visa for the purposes of the s. 68(2)(d)(1) half-counting. |
| No as of 2026-06-12[44] s. 42a(7)(a) issues the family-reunification permit only where the sponsor holds a long-term or permanent residence permit. A long-term visa is neither, so the family cannot be brought on this instrument; the path runs through conversion to the corresponding long-term residence permit and then the s. 42a(7)(a) qualifying period. | application: CZK 2,500 as of 2026-06-22[38] Consular fee, in local currency or by card. | admitted as of 2026-06-22[38] The qualifying activities are the same five the companion permit page enumerates, each presupposing acceptance by the institution or programme. | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value | Not established from a qualifying source Follows the unresolved work_rights. | No as of 2026-06-12[44] s. 42(3) is open only from a study permit under s. 64(a); this route is outside s. 64 by definition. |
| Czechia Long-term Visa for the Purpose of Studies | Active as of 2026-07-27[40][44] | national visa as of 2026-06-12[44] A visa for a stay longer than 90 days. | up to 1 year as of 2026-07-27[40][44] 'For a maximum of 1 year', which is also the s. 30(3) ceiling. | Yes as of 2026-07-27[40] Extendable repeatedly but only up to a 1-year total; beyond that the holder must apply for the long-term residence permit for studies. | full as of 2026-07-01[45] Act No. 435/2004 Coll. s. 98(j) is keyed to systematic preparation for a future occupation, not to the type of residence document, so it reaches a study-visa holder on the same terms as a study-permit holder. The route page for the visa does not repeat the point; the permit page states it. | Yes as of 2026-06-12[44] |
| No as of 2026-06-12[44] s. 42a(7)(a) issues the family-reunification permit only where the sponsor holds a long-term or permanent residence permit. A long-term visa is neither, so the family cannot be brought on this instrument; the path runs through conversion to the corresponding long-term residence permit and then the s. 42a(7)(a) qualifying period. | application: CZK 2,500 as of 2026-07-27[40] Consular fee, in local currency or by card. | admitted as of 2026-07-27[40][44] s. 31(1)(b) requires a document confirming the purpose of stay; the route page requires the study to fall within s. 64. | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value | Not applicable as of 2026-07-01[45] No hours cap: Act No. 435/2004 Coll. s. 98(j) removes the work-permit requirement rather than capping hours. Sourced absence read off a closed exemption list. | No as of 2026-06-12[44] s. 42(3) opens the job-search permit only to a holder of a long-term RESIDENCE PERMIT for study under s. 64(a), not to a holder of a study visa. A visa holder must first convert to the study permit. This is a sharp practical difference between the two study instruments and it is not stated on either route page. |
| Czechia Visa for a Stay Longer than 90 Days for the Purpose of Training | Active as of 2026-06-22[41][44] | national visa as of 2026-06-12[44] A visa for a stay longer than 90 days. | up to 6 months as of 2026-06-22[41][42] | Yes as of 2026-06-22[41] Extendable repeatedly but only up to a 6-month total. | none as of 2026-06-22[41][42][44] The trainee stays employed by, and paid by, the foreign employer: 'the holders of a long-term visa for the purpose of training stay employed with their (original) foreign employer for as long as the residence permit is valid, receiving their salary from the foreign employer. In practice, there is no work relation between the employee and the natural person or legal entity with a business address in the Czech Republic.' MPO adds that no work permit, employee card or blue card is needed because the training is not employment. There is therefore no Czech labour-market access at all – which is also why the route sits in the study family rather than the work family: what the holder does in Czechia is acquire skills, not supply labour. Family placement is deliberate. | Yes as of 2026-06-12[44] s. 68(2)(a) counts time on a long-term visa; the training visa is not on the s. 68(3) exclusion list. The 6-month ceiling means the 5 years cannot be approached on this instrument. |
| No as of 2026-06-12[44] s. 42a(7)(a) issues the family-reunification permit only where the sponsor holds a long-term or permanent residence permit. A long-term visa is neither, so the family cannot be brought on this instrument; the path runs through conversion to the corresponding long-term residence permit and then the s. 42a(7)(a) qualifying period. | application: CZK 2,500 as of 2026-06-22[41] Consular fee, in local currency or by card. | admitted as of 2026-06-22[41] | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value | Not recorded | No as of 2026-06-12[44] s. 42(3) is open only from a study permit under s. 64(a) or a research permit; training is neither. |
| Denmark Basic and youth study programmes | Active as of 2026-06-30[61] | residence permit as of 2026-06-30[61] | up to 1 year as of 2026-06-30[61] No more than 1 year, and SIRI states in terms that a permit cannot be granted to complete a full high school programme. | Not established from a qualifying source[61] | authorisation required as of 2026-06-30[61] As a rule the holder must not work. In special cases and on application a work permit can be granted – SIRI's example is vocational experience forming part of a basic study programme. Unpaid voluntary work is permitted without a work permit. No hours cap exists because there is no standing right to cap. | Yes as of 2026-07-07[61][67] The Immigration Service's permanent-residence page counts eight years' uninterrupted legal residence held throughout on a permit under Aliens Act sections 7-9 f, 9 i-9 n, 9 p or 9 q (1) or (2), and this permit is granted under section 9 i, inside that range – so the residence counts. Two qualifications the same page states: education, including internships and other work forming part of a programme, is expressly excluded from both the regular-employment and the employed limbs of the separate employment requirements; and no source retrieved states whether study time counts in full, in part or not at all towards the naturalisation clock, which the Ministry of Immigration and Integration administers separately. citizenship_counting_factor is therefore omitted rather than guessed. Recorded on the same reasoning as the other study routes, with the caveat that this route's own provision could not be identified, so its place inside the enumerated range rests on it being a study permit rather than on a read section number. |
| No as of 2026-06-30[61] SIRI states that this permit does not allow family to come to Denmark. | application: DKK 3,060 as of 2026-06-30[61] | admitted as of 2026-06-30[61] Admission to an approved basic or youth study programme. The programme must be approved by a state authority, or the institution approved and the programme covered by a valid statement from the Danish Evaluation Institute. SIRI states the floor and two carve-outs. Floor: after regular practice a permit is not granted to follow a lower grade level than the 9th grade. High school: a permit is granted for 1 year only, and only where the stay is arranged by a student exchange organisation, or the applicant started the programme in their home country and wants one year of it in Denmark, or they will start in Denmark and can document that they will continue in their home country. Vocational: no permit for a basic programme at a vocational education institution, except where the stay is part of an international collaboration or exchange agreement. | DKK 7,426 per month measured over 12 months as of 2026-06-30[61] DKK 7,426 (2026 level) per month, for a maximum of 12 months. This is the page that states what the figure is: SIRI writes that the monthly amount corresponds to the monthly State Educational Grant (SU) for students not living at home with their parents, and that the grant is adjusted every year. Where a fee is payable for the programme and it covers tuition, food and accommodation, no funds documentation is required. | Not recorded | Not recorded |
| Denmark Folk high schools | Active as of 2026-07-01[62] | residence permit as of 2026-07-01[62] | Not applicable[62] The duration of the stay at the folk high school, provided the holder participates actively in the course. No number: the term is the course's. | Yes as of 2026-07-01[62] | none as of 2026-07-01[62] As a rule the holder must not work. Unpaid voluntary work is permitted without a work permit. Unlike the basic and youth programmes, this page describes no route to a work permit in special cases. | Yes as of 2026-07-07[62][67] The Immigration Service's permanent-residence page counts eight years' uninterrupted legal residence held throughout on a permit under Aliens Act sections 7-9 f, 9 i-9 n, 9 p or 9 q (1) or (2), and this permit is granted under section 9 i, inside that range – so the residence counts. Two qualifications the same page states: education, including internships and other work forming part of a programme, is expressly excluded from both the regular-employment and the employed limbs of the separate employment requirements; and no source retrieved states whether study time counts in full, in part or not at all towards the naturalisation clock, which the Ministry of Immigration and Integration administers separately. citizenship_counting_factor is therefore omitted rather than guessed. Recorded on the same reasoning as the other study routes, with the same caveat that this route's own provision could not be identified. Collaterally, the permanent-residence page names participation in a folk high school stay as documentation that can satisfy the active-citizenship supplementary requirement – a different point, and one that concerns the applicant's activity rather than this permit. |
| No as of 2026-07-01[62] SIRI states that a stay at a folk high school does not allow family to come to Denmark. | application: DKK 3,060 as of 2026-07-01[62] | enrolled as of 2026-07-01[62] Enrolment in a course at an approved folk high school. The school must be covered by Danish legislation on folk high schools, continuation schools, housekeeping schools and needlecraft schools, and must be state approved and monitored by the Danish Ministry of Culture. The principal signs a statement that the course is eligible for state subsidies; where it is not, the school must supply an informative statement from the Danish Evaluation Institute about the course. | DKK 7,426 per month as of 2026-07-01[62] DKK 7,426 (2026 level) per month, multiplied by the months of the stay. No 12-month cap is stated on this page, unlike the other three study routes. The requirement falls away entirely where the fee paid to the folk high school covers tuition, food and accommodation. | Not recorded | Not recorded |
| Denmark Higher educational programmes | Active as of 2026-06-30[65] | residence permit as of 2026-06-30[65] | Not applicable[65] The permit runs for the standard (nominal) duration of the programme, provided the holder participates actively in it. There is no number to record: the term is the programme's, and it differs by programme. | Yes as of 2026-06-30[65] | hours capped as of 2026-06-30[65] 90 hours per calendar month during the normal period of study from September to May, and full time in June, July and August. Unpaid voluntary work is unlimited and does not count against the cap. Where the programme includes a mandatory internship, a full-time work permit is granted automatically for its duration. A hard restriction dated 2 May 2025: a student in a higher educational programme that is not state-approved but carries only an advisory statement from the Danish Evaluation Institute (EVA) gets a limited work permit only if the residence permit was granted or applied for before that date; an application on or after it carries no right to work at all. | Yes as of 2026-07-07[65][67] The Immigration Service's permanent-residence page counts eight years' uninterrupted legal residence held throughout on a permit under Aliens Act sections 7-9 f, 9 i-9 n, 9 p or 9 q (1) or (2), and this permit is granted under section 9 i, inside that range – so the residence counts. Two qualifications the same page states: education, including internships and other work forming part of a programme, is expressly excluded from both the regular-employment and the employed limbs of the separate employment requirements; and no source retrieved states whether study time counts in full, in part or not at all towards the naturalisation clock, which the Ministry of Immigration and Integration administers separately. citizenship_counting_factor is therefore omitted rather than guessed. |
| Yes as of 2026-06-30[60][65] But only for a state-approved higher educational programme. SIRI states that from 2 May 2025 a student who applied for a residence permit in a non-state-approved programme on or after that date cannot obtain a permit for any accompanying family member. | application: DKK 3,060 as of 2026-06-30[65] | admitted as of 2026-06-30[65] Admission to a higher educational programme in Denmark and full-time study. SIRI states that a permit cannot be granted to study part time. The institution must be publicly accredited, or at least one of its board members appointed by the Ministry of Higher Education and Science; and the programme must be approved by a state authority, or else carry an advisory statement from the Danish Evaluation Institute (EVA) – a distinction that now decides work rights, family rights and job-search rights, not merely admissibility. Guest and exchange students use this same permit and must document enrolment at an institution in their home country. | DKK 7,426 per month measured over 12 months as of 2026-06-30[65] DKK 7,426 (2026 level) per month of study, multiplied by the months applied for, and capped at 12 months' worth – a maximum of DKK 89,112 (2026 level) for a programme longer than a year. SIRI labels both figures '(2026 level)', in contrast to the '(2025 level)' labels the same site carries on the Start-up Denmark and guest-researcher figures. A bank statement no more than 30 days old is required; a scholarship or student loan is accepted at the same amounts; a third party's statement, including a parent's, is not accepted, and restricted stocks, bonds and investment portfolios do not count. Where a tuition fee is payable and the first semester has already been paid, that payment is accepted instead of the funds documentation. | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value[65] | Yes as of 2026-06-30[63][65] |
| Denmark PhD studies (full degree) | Active as of 2026-06-30[64] | residence permit as of 2026-06-30[64] | Not applicable[64] The standard (nominal) duration of the PhD programme, provided the holder participates actively. No number: the term is the programme's. | Yes as of 2026-06-30[64] | hours capped as of 2026-06-30[64] Full time at the enrolling university or an affiliated company, but only on work tasks forming part of the PhD programme and only while the holder studies; an unlimited right to work in addition to that employment where the work is naturally related to the PhD studies; and on top of both a limited permit for up to 90 hours per month from September to May and full time in June, July and August. Unpaid voluntary work is permitted. INTERNAL CONFLICT ON SIRI'S OWN PAGE, recorded rather than resolved: the work section states the limited permit is also valid during the 3-year job-seeking period, while the duration section states the job-seeking period gives 20 hours per week and full time in June, July and August. 90 hours a month and 20 hours a week are not the same rule and both appear on the same page. The record follows the 90-hours-per-month figure, which is what SIRI's job-seeking pages, its scheme-overview table and the higher-education page all state. | Yes as of 2026-07-07[64][67] The Immigration Service's permanent-residence page counts eight years' uninterrupted legal residence held throughout on a permit under Aliens Act sections 7-9 f, 9 i-9 n, 9 p or 9 q (1) or (2), and this permit is granted under section 9 i, inside that range – so the residence counts. Two qualifications the same page states: education, including internships and other work forming part of a programme, is expressly excluded from both the regular-employment and the employed limbs of the separate employment requirements; and no source retrieved states whether study time counts in full, in part or not at all towards the naturalisation clock, which the Ministry of Immigration and Integration administers separately. citizenship_counting_factor is therefore omitted rather than guessed. |
| Yes as of 2026-06-30[60][64] | application: DKK 3,060 as of 2026-06-30[64] | enrolled as of 2026-06-30[64] Enrolment – not merely admission – in a full-time PhD programme at a Danish university. Two variants: enrolled with a salary from the university or an affiliated company, or enrolled without a salary. | DKK 7,426 per month measured over 12 months as of 2026-06-30[64] For an unsalaried PhD student: DKK 7,426 (2026 level) for each month as a PhD student in Denmark, capped at 12 months, a maximum of DKK 89,112 (2026 level). Where the university or an affiliated company pays a salary, SIRI states that self-support is secured by the salary and no separate documentation is required. | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value[64] | Yes as of 2026-06-30[63][64] |
| Estonia Residence permit for study | Active as of 2026-06-29[68][74] | residence permit as of 2026-06-29[68][74] | up to 5 years as of 2026-08-08[68][74] | Yes as of 2026-06-29[68] Extension until the end of the nominal study period or, where that has ended, the estimated duration of studies (s. 170(2)). | full as of 2026-06-29[68][74] S. 175: a student may take employment without a specific permit on condition that it does not interfere with the studies; the PPA adds that full-time study must continue. No hours cap is stated. Failing to complete the curriculum to the required extent, or interrupting studies, expires the permit 30 days later (s. 173-1); doctoral students are exempt from the study-progress revocation ground (s. 173(2)). | Yes as of 2026-06-29[68] |
| Yes as of 2026-06-29[68][71] A family member of a foreign national residing in Estonia on the basis of a residence permit may be issued a temporary residence permit to settle with them. | application: EUR 225 as of 2025-01-01[72] Temporary residence permit (general rate), application submitted in Estonia. | admitted as of 2026-08-08[68][74] The school confirms admission; the educational institution or international student organisation submits an invitation to the PBGB (s. 163). | 4 × subsistence level per month as of 2026-05-19[70][74] | Not applicable No weekly hours cap exists; the only condition is non-interference with full-time study (s. 175). | Yes as of 2026-06-29[68] After the study permit expires, s. 43(1)(8) and s. 43(5) give a 270-day right of stay for the purpose of remaining in Estonia (job search); this is a statutory right of stay, not a permit. Graduates of Estonian institutions applying for an employment permit are then exempt from the EUIF permission and salary floor (s. 181(1)(11), s. 178(1-2)), and employment during the post-permit stay is allowed without registration (s. 105(4)(4), PPA 'post-permit period'). |
| Finland Residence permit for studies | Active as of 2026-08-21[88] | residence permit as of 2026-08-21[87][89] | Not established from a qualifying source Migri's application page states no term for the permit itself. It does state that a family member's first A permit is granted for one year at most and a family member's extended permit for four years at most, but those are the dependant's terms, not the student's. | Yes as of 2026-08-21[88] Migri publishes a separate extended-permit application for studies. | hours capped as of 2026-08-21[88] Paid employment in any field, an average of 30 hours a week – Migri's own restatement is 120 hours a month or 1,560 hours a year. The weekly figure may be exceeded in some weeks, including full-time work during holidays, provided the annual average holds. Internships and diploma work forming part of the degree are outside the cap where the credit was agreed in advance; work registered as an internship afterwards is not. The employer checks the hours, and both parties are responsible for the cap. Permits granted before the 15 April 2022 amendments carry the same right. | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value[86][88] |
| Yes as of 2026-08-21[83][88] Family members may be granted a permit of the same type as the student's – an A permit where the student holds one, a B permit where the student holds a B. | application: EUR 600 as of 2026-08-21[88] | admitted as of 2026-08-21[88] Acceptance to study at an educational institution in Finland, evidenced by a certificate of acceptance or attendance. The studies must lead to a vocational qualification or a degree; other studies may qualify on a well-founded reason. Basic education does not qualify. | EUR 800 per month as of 2026-08-21[88] At the applicant's disposal, for the whole duration of the studies. Migri requires proof of financing for the first year of study – EUR 9,600 in the bank account at the time of application – or, for courses shorter than a year, EUR 800 per month. Where the educational institution supports the student's living costs the requirement may be reduced against documentation. Where a tuition fee is to be paid later, its amount must also be in the account at application. A flat national figure, not the three-tier municipal table that governs Finland's work and family means tests – and Migri's own family-income page confirms the distinction by working an example in which a student's own threshold is EUR 800 while the second adult in the household adds EUR 550. | 30 as of 2026-08-21[88] Hours per week, assessed as an average over the calendar year; see permit.work_rights. | Yes as of 2026-08-21[85][88] Two, in fact. A graduate with a job, a trade or a business applies for the residence permit on the basis of a degree completed in Finland; a graduate without one applies for the residence permit to look for work or to start a business, within five years of the study permit expiring. Both are recorded as work-family routes in this record, per the v1.0/G9 convention. |
| France Carte de séjour temporaire ou pluriannuelle portant la mention « étudiant » (ou VLS-TS « étudiant ») | Active as of 2026-08-01[90][93] | residence permit as of 2026-08-01[90] A first admission is made on a VLS-TS « étudiant » valid from four months to one year; thereafter a carte de séjour temporaire « étudiant » (one year) or a carte de séjour pluriannuelle « étudiant » (two to four years). | 1 year as of 2026-08-01[90] | Yes as of 2026-08-01[90] Renewable. On renewal the applicant may instead receive a carte de séjour pluriannuelle « étudiant » of two to four years. | hours capped as of 2026-06-01[90][91] | No as of 2026-06-01[92] |
| Not established from a qualifying source | application: EUR 150 as of 2026-08-01[90] EUR 100 tax plus EUR 50 stamp duty, paid by tax stamps, for the residence card. | enrolled as of 2026-08-01[90] | EUR 877.50 per month as of 2026-08-01[90] | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value | Yes as of 2026-06-01[91] The carte « recherche d'emploi/création d'entreprise » (fr-recherche-emploi-creation-entreprise) follows completion of a master's-level French degree. |
| Germany Visa / residence permit for studying | Active as of 2026-08-08[48][58] | residence permit as of 2026-08-08[48] | 2 years as of 2026-08-08[48][58] Usual term at first issuance and renewal (minimum one year; at least two years in mobility-programme cases; course length where the course is shorter, sec. 16b(2)). | Yes as of 2026-08-08[48] Extended while the purpose has not yet been achieved and is achievable in a reasonable period (sec. 16b(2) s.4). | hours capped as of 2026-08-08[48][58] See work_hours_cap; student side-jobs (studentische Nebentaetigkeiten) are additionally uncounted. | No as of 2026-08-08[48] |
| Yes as of 2026-08-08[50][51] Conditional: spouse reunification to a student requires inter alia that the marriage existed when the sponsor entered and the stay is expected to exceed one year (sec. 30(1) s.1 no.3e), plus livelihood and housing; minor children per sec. 32. | application: EUR 75 as of 2026-08-08[56] | admitted as of 2026-08-08[48][58] Admission (Zulassung) by a state or state-recognised higher-education institution suffices; the purpose includes preparatory language courses, Studienkolleg and mandatory internships. Course-language proficiency (often B2) is checked by the institution or the mission – no statutory level. | EUR 11,904 per year as of 2026-08-08[48][58] | 20 as of 2026-08-08[48][58] | Yes as of 2026-08-08[49][58] Sec. 20(1) no.1 jobseeker permit after successful graduation; unrestricted work during the search; recorded as its own route de-post-study-job-search. |
| Germany Visa / residence permit for vocational training | Active as of 2026-08-08[47][59] | residence permit as of 2026-08-08[47] | Not applicable[59] Issued for the duration of the training programme (portal); see initial_duration_basis. | Not established from a qualifying source Extension mechanics beyond programme length not established; on involuntary early termination the holder gets up to six months to find another training place (sec. 16a(4)). | hours capped as of 2026-08-08[47][59] Employment independent of the training purpose up to 20 hours per week (sec. 16a(3)); in-company trainees may additionally attend preparatory German courses. | No as of 2026-08-08[47] Sec. 16a(1) s.3: sec. 9 does not apply, unless the holder previously held a secs. 18a/18b permit. |
| Yes as of 2026-08-08[50][51] Conditional, as for students: sec. 30(1) s.1 no.3e (pre-existing marriage + expected stay over one year) plus livelihood and housing; minor children per sec. 32. | application: EUR 75 as of 2026-08-08[56] | admitted as of 2026-08-08[47][59] A concrete in-company training place (BA approval under sec. 39 generally required, an agency-internal step) or a school-based programme leading to a state-recognised qualification; German language skills, normally B1, unless the institution tests them or a preparatory course covers them. | EUR 959 per month as of 2026-08-08[59] | 20 as of 2026-08-08[47][59] | Yes as of 2026-08-08[49][59] Sec. 20(1) no.3 jobseeker permit (entitlement) after successful completion of qualified vocational training; recorded as its own route de-post-study-job-search. |
| Greece Residence permit for study purposes (type ‘H.1’) | Active as of 2026-02-06[94][95][96][98] | Not recorded | Not applicable as of 2026-02-06[94][95][101] No single figure exists since 6 February 2026: Art. 107(1) as replaced by Art. 30 L.5275/2026 sets validity equal to the maximum duration of the specific study programme (previously a flat one year). Art. 107(2) keeps a separate rule for EU or multilateral mobility programmes – at least two years, or the length of the studies if shorter, dropping to at least one year where the Art. 105 and Art. 106(1)(b) conditions are not met for the whole period. | Yes as of 2026-02-06[94][95] Art. 107(1): renewable where the institution certifies continuing student status and the Arts. 105-106 conditions are still met. | hours capped as of 2026-02-06[94][95][101] Art. 118 as amended by Art. 31 L.5275/2026: part-time work only, outside study hours, and not exceeding 20 hours per week. The pre-2026 text instead set a floor of 15 hours per week. | No as of 2023-04-01[96][98] Art. 143(2)(a): the EU long-term residence chapter does not apply to holders of a residence permit for studies or vocational training. |
| No as of 2023-04-01[96][98] | application: EUR 150 as of 2026-02-06[94][95][96][98] Art. 171(1)(d); restated in Art. 107(3)(b) as amended by Art. 30 L.5275/2026. Minors are exempt under Art. 171(2)(c). | admitted as of 2023-04-01[96][98] Art. 106(1)(a): the applicant has been ACCEPTED by a Greek higher education institution to follow a programme of study; Art. 106(1)(c) additionally requires any registration fees to have been paid. | EUR 650 per month as of 2024-09-17[97][99] JMD 225679/2024 Art. 1(1)(e): at least EUR 650 per month, assessed on a monthly or annual basis and individually, evidenced by deposit account, bank transfer, grant, scholarship or payslip from permitted part-time work. Art. 1(2) specifies these are net income or capital. | 20 as of 2026-02-06[94][95][101] Art. 118 as amended by Art. 31 L.5275/2026: hours per week. | Yes as of 2026-02-06[94][95][96][98] Art. 119 as amended by Art. 32 L.5275/2026: after completing studies, holders of an H.1 permit who hold a tertiary degree receive a dedicated residence permit type 'H.11' to look for work or set up a business. It converts into an E.1, E.3, E.4 or B.2 permit (Art. 119(3) as amended, Art. 12(5) as replaced) and no available job position under Arts. 26, 27, 61 and 62 is required for that conversion. From three months after issue, the holder must show a genuine prospect of being recruited or of establishing the business (Art. 119(8)). Sufficient means for H.11 are EUR 650 per month (JMD 225679/2024 Art. 1(1)(k)); for researchers the figure is EUR 900 (Art. 1(1)(l)). Art. 119(11) extends H.11 to graduates of Greek Colleges holding an 'H.5.2' permit. |
| Hungary Residence of the student, pupil – residence permit for the purpose of studies, the student mobility residence permit, the student mobility certificate | Active as of 2026-03-02[116] | residence permit as of 2026-03-02[116] | 1 to 3 years as of 2026-03-02[111][116] Study-purpose permit: minimum 1 year, or the duration of the training where the training is shorter than 1 year, capped at 3 years. It may not exceed the validity of the applicant's travel document. The student mobility residence permit and the student mobility certificate are each capped at 360 days and may not exceed the validity of the permit issued by the first Member State. | Yes as of 2026-03-02[116] | hours capped as of 2026-03-02[116][119] NDGAP: holders of a study permit, a student mobility residence permit or a student mobility certificate 'may engage in employment during their study period for maximum thirty hours weekly, and outside their study period full-time for a maximum period of ninety days in a year'. Tempus Public Foundation's Study in Hungary portal states the same 30-hour term-time cap. CAVEAT ON THE CORROBORATING SOURCE: the Tempus page carries a 2019 copyright, cites the pre-2024 authority name and links bmbah.hu URLs, and elsewhere states a general residence-permit ceiling of two years that contradicts the three-year study validity in Act XC of 2023. It is used here only for the 30-hour figure, on which it agrees with NDGAP. See notes/hu.md. | No as of 2026-03-02[116] NDGAP: 'Third-country nationals holding a residence permit for study purposes, a student mobility residence permit or a student mobility certificate may not be granted a national residence card.' |
| No as of 2026-03-10[110][113][116] NDGAP: family members of a holder or applicant may not be granted a residence permit for family reunification. The single exception is a third-country national child born in Hungary during the permit's validity, who receives a family-reunification permit on notification of the birth. | application: EUR 110 as of 2026-03-03[115] | admitted as of 2026-03-02[116] NDGAP accepts 'a certificate of admission from the relevant educational institution', 'a document verifying student status', or other credible means, and requires proof of payment of tuition fees. Admission is therefore sufficient; enrolment is an alternative rather than a precondition. The permit is open to a learning relationship with a full-time public education institution, to full-time studies at a state-recognised higher education institution or a foreign higher education institution authorised to operate in Hungary, and to participation in a preparatory course organised by a higher education institution – and a preparatory-course permit may only be extended on proof of admission to a higher education institution. | Not established from a qualifying source NDGAP publishes no figure, currency or period. The condition is qualitative: sufficient resources to cover subsistence, accommodation, return or onward travel and healthcare from legally acquired income and savings, evidenced by a credit-institution certificate, a notarised family maintenance declaration plus proof of the supporter's capacity, an employer or tax-authority income document, or other credible means such as a scholarship certificate. | 30 as of 2026-03-02[116][119] Hours per week during the study period. Outside the study period, full-time work is allowed for a maximum of 90 days in a year. Same caveat on the Tempus source as at permit.work_rights. | Yes as of 2026-03-03[114][116] The residence permit for the purpose of seeking a job or starting a business, modelled here as hu-job-search. NDGAP states it can only be applied for while the applicant is still a holder of a valid study permit, and that the intended job or business must match the level of the completed studies. |
| Hungary Residence permit for the purpose of traineeship | Active as of 2026-03-03[117] | residence permit as of 2026-03-03[117] | 6 months as of 2026-03-03[117] Based on the duration of the traineeship, capped at 6 months. | No as of 2026-03-03[117] NDGAP: the validity 'may not exceed 6 months, which cannot be extended'. | Not established from a qualifying source NDGAP publishes no work-rights clause and no weekly hours cap. The traineeship contract must state the number of practical hours, but no figure is published. | No as of 2026-03-03[117] NDGAP: a holder of a residence permit for the purpose of traineeship 'may not be granted a national residence card'. |
| No as of 2026-03-10[110][113][117] NDGAP: family members of a holder or applicant may not be granted a residence permit for family reunification. The single exception is a third-country national child born in Hungary during the permit's validity, who receives a family-reunification permit on notification of the birth. | application: EUR 110 as of 2026-03-03[115] | enrolled as of 2026-03-03[117] Either a higher education degree obtained within the two years preceding the application and relevant to the traineeship, or current studies leading to such a degree, evidenced by a diploma or a certificate of active student status. In addition a traineeship contract with an approved trainee-hosting organisation from NDGAP's published list is required, and the host organisation must give a written commitment to reimburse the costs of expulsion where the trainee overstays and lacks the necessary financial resources. The contract must state the traineeship programme and its educational objective, its duration, the placement and supervision conditions, the number of practical hours, the legal relationship between trainee and host, and a declaration that the host organisation is responsible for the trainee's subsistence and accommodation costs for the whole stay. | Not established from a qualifying source NDGAP publishes no figure, currency or period. Qualitative condition only, evidenced by a credit-institution certificate, a notarised family maintenance declaration plus proof of the supporter's capacity, or a certificate regarding the award or payment of a scholarship – and the host organisation is contractually responsible for subsistence and accommodation costs. | Not recorded | No as of 2026-03-03[117] No post-traineeship route is published; on the contrary, NDGAP states that during the permit's validity and after its expiry an application for a residence permit under another legal title is not allowed in Hungary. |
| Hungary Residence permit for the purpose of training | Active as of 2026-03-03[118] | residence permit as of 2026-03-03[118] | 1 year as of 2026-03-03[118] | No as of 2026-03-03[118] Not for the same purpose. NDGAP: 'The validity period of a residence permit for training purposes is maximum 1 year and cannot be extended for the same purpose; it may only be extended for the purposes of studies', on a credible document certifying successful completion of the training programme and where the applicant meets the study-permit conditions. | Not established from a qualifying source NDGAP's factsheet contains no employment section and states no work rights or hours cap for this permit, in contrast to the studies factsheet. | No as of 2026-03-03[118] NDGAP: a holder of a residence permit for the purpose of training 'may not be granted a national residence card'. |
| No as of 2026-03-10[110][113][118] NDGAP: family members of a holder or applicant may not be granted a residence permit for family reunification. The single exception is a third-country national child born in Hungary during the permit's validity, who receives a family-reunification permit on notification of the birth. | application: EUR 110 as of 2026-03-03[115] | admitted as of 2026-03-03[118] NDGAP accepts an admission certificate of the educational institution providing the scholarship training, a document certifying participation in the scholarship course, or other credible evidence, and requires credible proof of the award of a scholarship provided by the Government or the Ministry. Eligibility is confined to a third-country national participating in a scholarship-based training course in Hungary provided by the Government or the Ministry, and a person who meets the conditions for a study permit may not be granted a training permit. | Not established from a qualifying source NDGAP publishes no figure, currency or period. Qualitative condition only, evidenced by a credit-institution certificate, a notarised family maintenance declaration plus proof of the supporter's capacity, an employer or tax-authority income certificate, or other credible evidence such as a scholarship certificate. | Not recorded | No as of 2026-03-03[118] No post-training job-search or graduate permit appears on NDGAP's factsheet. The only onward path published is conversion to a study permit on successful completion of the training programme. |
| Ireland Stamp 2 student immigration permission | Active as of 2026-04-16[120][123] | residence permit as of 2026-04-16[120][123] Registered with the immigration authorities and evidenced by an Irish Residence Permit; visa-required nationals must additionally obtain a student visa before travelling. | Not established from a qualifying source Not stated as a single term for higher-education programmes; the permission tracks the course. Citizens Information states that the permission to attend a 25-week English-language course is for eight months, and that a new English-language student may be granted a maximum of three such courses, amounting to two years in total. | Yes as of 2026-04-16[120] Renewed online; the student must have less than 12 weeks left on the current permission before using the online renewal system, and the IRP card is posted out. Students must prove they are progressing in the course, for example by passing exams. | hours capped as of 2026-04-16[120][123] Casual employment up to 20 hours a week during term time and up to 40 hours a week during the standardised holiday periods — June to September inclusive and 15 December to 15 January. Stamp 2A holders are not allowed to work. | Not established from a qualifying source |
| No as of 2026-04-16[120][123] ISD: "No, students are typically not permitted to bring family members with them. There are some very exceptional circumstances where this may be permitted." Citizens Information: non-EEA students generally have no right to bring family, with exceptions for PhD students and for ISD-approved scholarship programmes such as the King Abdullah Scholarship Programme; family members may still apply to enter in their own right, but not on the basis of the relationship to a student. ISD's financial-thresholds page lists students other than those in Category B among ineligible sponsors. | card: EUR 300 as of 2026-04-16[120][123] "Yes, the registration fee is EUR 300." Citizens Information records the same EUR 300 for the Irish Residence Permit. Recorded under the card fee kind because it is the residence-permit registration fee; the vocabulary has no registration value. | enrolled as of 2026-04-16[120][123] "Non-EEA nationals coming to study in Ireland must be enrolled in an eligible full-time course", at NFQ Level 6 or above for a higher education programme, listed on the Interim List of Eligible Programmes (ILEP). Part-time and distance-learning courses do not qualify. Students must also have a certain standard of English. Further education programmes and overseas-accredited vocational programmes are no longer eligible and the Internationalisation Register has ceased to exist. | EUR 10,000 per year as of 2026-04-16[120] | 20 as of 2026-04-16[120][123] Hours per week during term time; up to 40 hours a week during the standardised holiday periods (June to September inclusive and 15 December to 15 January). Stamp 2A holders may not work at all. | Yes as of 2026-04-16[120][124] The Third Level Graduate Programme, recorded as its own work-family route (ie-third-level-graduate-programme) because it is a standalone job-search permission rather than an extension of the study permission. |
| Italy Study visa and study residence permit | Active as of 2026-08-04[126][135] | Not recorded | Not applicable TU art. 5(3)(c): the study permit may not be shorter than the period of attendance of the course, including where that is multi-year, subject to an annual assessment of academic progress. No fixed statutory term – see initial_duration_basis. For traineeships the permit lasts as stated in the training agreement (art. 39-bis(1-quater)); for school exchanges and minors it may not exceed one year or the length of the programme if shorter. | Yes as of 2026-08-04[134][137] TU art. 39(3)(b): the implementing regulation governs renewal of the study permit, including for continuing studies on a different course; art. 5(3)(c) subjects continuation to the annual assessment of academic progress. | hours capped as of 2026-08-04[129][134] DPR 394/1999 art. 14(4): a study or training permit allows subordinate work for no more than 20 hours per week, which may be accumulated over 52 weeks subject to an annual ceiling of 1,040 hours. | No as of 2026-08-04[138][139] |
| Yes as of 2026-08-04[131][132] TU art. 28(1): the right to family unity covers holders of a residence permit of at least one year issued for study. TU art. 28(1-bis) requires two years of uninterrupted legal residence before reuniting a spouse, a dependent adult child or a parent. | application: EUR 50 as of 2026-08-04[126] | admitted as of 2026-08-04[126][135] TU art. 39-bis(1)(a)-(b): entry is allowed to foreigners 'ammessi a frequentare' the relevant courses; university applicants complete pre-enrolment before the visa is issued and matriculate after arrival. | EUR 10,179.85 per year as of 2026-08-05[125][126] RESOLVED 2026-08-05 (dispute dissolved): both the Embassy in Tunis and the Consulate General in Paris now state EUR 10,179.85 annually for academic year 2026/2027. Tunis computes it as EUR 783.06/month x 13 instalments, citing TU art. 4(3) and Annex A point 17 of D.I. 850/2011 (published 2026-06-01); Paris quotes the annual figure directly ('euro 10.179,85 annuali'). At research time (2026-08-04) Paris instead showed EUR 534.41/month = EUR 6,947.33/year, which equalled thirteen instalments of the 2024 assegno sociale and was evidently stale. The 13-instalment annualisation of the underlying reference figure remains B1/A2 territory. | 20 as of 2026-08-04[129][134] Hours per week (DPR 394/1999 art. 14(4)), accumulable over 52 weeks within an annual ceiling of 1,040 hours. | Yes as of 2026-08-04[136][137] TU art. 39-bis.1: a graduate of an Italian doctorate, university master, three-year or specialist degree, first- or second-level academic diploma or higher technical diploma may, at the expiry of the study permit, declare immediate availability for work to the employment services and request a permit to look for a job or start a business consistent with the completed programme; it may be converted into a work permit where the conditions are met. |
| Latvia Temporary residence permit for a full-time student at an accredited higher education institution or college | Active as of 2026-05-20[149] | residence permit as of 2026-05-20[149] Section 23 issues a terminuzturesanas atlauja – a temporary residence permit; OCMA issues it as a foreigner's eID card. | at least 4 months as of 2026-05-20[149][156] Section 23(1)(10.1): the permit is issued for a period exceeding the full-time study period at an accredited Latvian higher education institution or college by four months. The term has no fixed length of its own – it is the study period plus four months – so the basis is matches_course and the scalar recorded is the four-month margin the statute adds, marked as a minimum because the permit is always longer than the studies by that amount. OCMA states the permit is issued "for the period of the studies". | Not established from a qualifying source Not stated for this ground in the sources read. | hours capped as of 2025-01-01[149][151] Immigration Law Section 9(3)(3): a student staying in Latvia under Section 5.3 whose employment does not exceed 20 hours a week needs no confirmation of the right to work for a named employer. Cabinet Regulation No. 55 paragraph 2.3 records the entry "Tiesibas stradat 20 h nedela" / "THE RIGHT TO WORK 20 H PER WEEK" on a permit issued under Section 23(1)(10.1) or for student exchange under Section 23(1)(19). | No as of 2026-05-20[148][149] Immigration Law Section 24(3), in the wording given by the amending law of 23 April 2026 in force from 20 May 2026: the five-years-of-continuous-residence condition for a permanent residence permit under Section 24(1)(7) does not apply to a foreigner who received a temporary residence permit for the period of learning or studies under Section 23(1)(10) or (10.1). Time on a study permit therefore does not build the permanent-residence qualification. | Not recorded | Yes as of 2026-05-20[149] Immigration Law Section 23(4): in the cases named in Section 23(1) the foreigner's spouse, the minor children (including children under guardianship) of the foreigner or of the spouse, and persons under trusteeship may likewise request a temporary residence permit for the term of the permit issued to the foreigner. | application: EUR 160 as of 2026-03-18[157] Review of documents submitted for requesting a temporary residence permit, within 30 days. Source: Cabinet Regulation No. 731, as published by OCMA. | enrolled as of 2023-02-21[149][155] The statute conditions the permit on being a full-time student of an accredited institution; OCMA requires "an agreement on studies in the Republic of Latvia" among the documents, which is a concluded study contract rather than an offer of admission. | 1 × minimum monthly wage within normal working time per month as of 2026-04-01[150][153] | 20 as of 2025-01-01[149][151] Immigration Law Section 9(3)(3) and Cabinet Regulation No. 55 paragraph 2.3: 20 hours a week. | Yes as of 2026-05-20[149] Immigration Law Section 23(1)(32) gives a nine-month permit after completing a full-time master's or doctoral programme with a state-recognised diploma, where it is requested not later than three months after the study permit expired. It is documented as its own route, lv-darba-mekletajs-pec-studijam. |
| Latvia Temporary residence permit for basic or secondary education at an accredited educational institution | Active as of 2026-05-20[149] | residence permit as of 2026-05-20[149] Section 23 issues a terminuzturesanas atlauja – a temporary residence permit; OCMA issues it as a foreigner's eID card. | Not established from a qualifying source[149] Section 23(1)(10): the permit is issued for the period of learning, where residence in Latvia is connected with acquiring education at an accredited educational institution at the basic- or secondary-education stage, education having been begun before the age of 18. The statute states no number at all – the term is the period of learning – and no ceiling was found in the sources read, so no duration value is recorded. initial_duration_basis carries the rule: matches_course. | Not established from a qualifying source Not stated for this ground in the sources read. | Not established from a qualifying source Cabinet Regulation No. 55 paragraph 2.3 attaches the 20-hour entry to Section 23(1)(10.1) and to student exchange under 23(1)(19), not to this ground; nothing was read that states the work rights of a school pupil's permit. | No as of 2026-05-20[148][149] Immigration Law Section 24(3), in the wording given by the amending law of 23 April 2026 in force from 20 May 2026: the five-years-of-continuous-residence condition for a permanent residence permit under Section 24(1)(7) does not apply to a foreigner who received a temporary residence permit for the period of learning or studies under Section 23(1)(10) or (10.1). Time on a study permit therefore does not build the permanent-residence qualification. | Not recorded | Yes as of 2026-05-20[149] Immigration Law Section 23(4): in the cases named in Section 23(1) the foreigner's spouse, the minor children (including children under guardianship) of the foreigner or of the spouse, and persons under trusteeship may likewise request a temporary residence permit for the term of the permit issued to the foreigner. | application: EUR 160 as of 2026-03-18[157] Review of documents submitted for requesting a temporary residence permit, within 30 days. Source: Cabinet Regulation No. 731, as published by OCMA. | enrolled as of 2026-05-20[149] The statute conditions the permit on education being acquired at an accredited institution, begun before the age of 18. | 1 × minimum monthly wage within normal working time per month as of 2026-04-01[150][153] | Not recorded | No as of 2026-05-20[149] Section 23(1)(32) is limited to research-project cooperation and to full-time master's or doctoral programmes; it does not follow school education. |
| Latvia Temporary residence permit for pupil or student exchange or the performance of another task | Active as of 2026-05-20[149] | residence permit as of 2026-05-20[149] Section 23 issues a terminuzturesanas atlauja – a temporary residence permit; OCMA issues it as a foreigner's eID card. | up to 1 year as of 2026-05-20[149][156] Section 23(1)(19): not exceeding one year, where residence is connected with pupil or student exchange or the performance of another task. OCMA states the period specified in the cooperation agreement, capped at one year. | Not established from a qualifying source Not stated for this ground in the sources read. | hours capped as of 2025-01-01[149][151] Immigration Law Section 9(3)(3): a student staying in Latvia under Section 5.3 whose employment does not exceed 20 hours a week needs no confirmation of the right to work for a named employer. Cabinet Regulation No. 55 paragraph 2.3 records the entry "Tiesibas stradat 20 h nedela" / "THE RIGHT TO WORK 20 H PER WEEK" on a permit issued under Section 23(1)(10.1) or for student exchange under Section 23(1)(19). | Not established from a qualifying source Section 24(3) as amended excludes study permits under Section 23(1)(10) and (10.1) from the permanent-residence qualification but does not name Section 23(1)(19); no source read states whether exchange time counts. | Not recorded | Yes as of 2026-05-20[149] Immigration Law Section 23(4): in the cases named in Section 23(1) the foreigner's spouse, the minor children (including children under guardianship) of the foreigner or of the spouse, and persons under trusteeship may likewise request a temporary residence permit for the term of the permit issued to the foreigner. | application: EUR 160 as of 2026-03-18[157] Review of documents submitted for requesting a temporary residence permit, within 30 days. Source: Cabinet Regulation No. 731, as published by OCMA. | enrolled as of 2022-06-13[149][156] The gate is the exchange or cooperation agreement, which OCMA treats as fixing the permit term. | 1 × minimum monthly wage within normal working time per month as of 2026-04-01[150][153] Residual rule of Cabinet Regulation No. 225 sub-paragraph 11.7 – EUR 780 a month from 1 January 2026 – by elimination. | 20 as of 2025-01-01[151] Cabinet Regulation No. 55 paragraph 2.3 attaches the 20-hour entry to a permit issued in connection with student exchange under Section 23(1)(19). | No as of 2026-05-20[149] Section 23(1)(32) does not follow an exchange placement. |
| Lithuania Temporary residence permit for an alien intending to study or learn – admitted to an education establishment under a general education or formal vocational training programme | Active as of 2026-07-01[143] | residence permit as of 2026-07-01[143] | up to 1 year as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 46(3): the permit is issued for the period of learning but for no longer than one year; in the final year of learning it may, at the alien's request, be issued or changed for a period up to 6 months longer than the expected learning period. | Yes as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 40(1) provides for the issue and the change of a temporary residence permit on this ground, and art. 46(2)-(4) state the periods for which it is changed. | none as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 58 lists exhaustively when an alien has the right to work. Art. 58(1-1) names permits issued on the art. 40(1)(6) study ground only where they were issued under art. 46(1)(1), (3) or (5). A permit under art. 46(1)(2) is not named there or elsewhere in art. 58, so no right to work attaches to it. Art. 44(3) and 44(4) separately favour an alien who completed such a programme in Lithuania when he later applies on a work ground. | Not established from a qualifying source |
| Not recorded | application: EUR 160 as of 2024-07-11[141] | admitted as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 46(1)(2) turns on the alien having been admitted or invited, not on enrolment having been completed. | 0.50 × minimum monthly wage per month as of 2026-07-01[142][143] Art. 26(1)(3) requires sufficient funds or regular income to live in Lithuania. Order No. A1-22 of the Minister of Social Security and Labour of 29 January 2007, made under art. 27 of the Law, sets the sum in minimum monthly wages: 0.5 MMA a month for an alien coming to study, learn, do a traineeship, improve a qualification or take part in vocational training; 0.5 MMA for an alien under 18; and 1 MMA for all other aliens. The order states multiples, not euro amounts, so the figure is stored as a multiple of the lt-mma reference figure and never pre-multiplied. | Not recorded | Yes as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 49-4 with art. 40(1)(15): an alien who completed studies, a formal vocational training programme, or research and experimental development work in Lithuania may be issued a 12-month permit to look for work and start working or start activity as a self-employed person, on a confirmation that no more than one year has passed since completion. |
| Lithuania Temporary residence permit for an alien intending to study or learn – admitted to a science and studies institution under a study programme | Active as of 2026-07-01[143] | residence permit as of 2026-07-01[143] | up to 2 years as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 46(2): the permit is issued for the period of studies but for no longer than 2 years; where it is issued or changed for the final year of studies, it runs for a period up to 6 months longer than the expected study period. | Yes as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 40(1) provides for the issue and the change of a temporary residence permit on this ground, and art. 46(2)-(4) state the periods for which it is changed. | hours capped as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 58(1-1) gives the holder the right to work; art. 46(6) caps a first-cycle student in the 1st or 2nd year at 20 hours a week, apart from the summer-holiday periods and the practice periods the institution sets during the study period. From the 3rd year the cap in art. 46(6) no longer applies on its own terms. | Not established from a qualifying source |
| Not recorded | application: EUR 160 as of 2024-07-11[141] | admitted as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 46(1)(1) turns on the alien having been admitted or invited, not on enrolment having been completed. | 0.50 × minimum monthly wage per month as of 2026-07-01[142][143] Art. 26(1)(3) requires sufficient funds or regular income to live in Lithuania. Order No. A1-22 of the Minister of Social Security and Labour of 29 January 2007, made under art. 27 of the Law, sets the sum in minimum monthly wages: 0.5 MMA a month for an alien coming to study, learn, do a traineeship, improve a qualification or take part in vocational training; 0.5 MMA for an alien under 18; and 1 MMA for all other aliens. The order states multiples, not euro amounts, so the figure is stored as a multiple of the lt-mma reference figure and never pre-multiplied. | 20 as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 46(6): 20 hours a week, for a student in the 1st or 2nd year of first-cycle studies only, excluding summer holidays and institution-set practice periods. | Yes as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 49-4 with art. 40(1)(15): an alien who completed studies, a formal vocational training programme, or research and experimental development work in Lithuania may be issued a 12-month permit to look for work and start working or start activity as a self-employed person, on a confirmation that no more than one year has passed since completion. |
| Lithuania Temporary residence permit for an alien intending to study or learn – admitted to a second-cycle study programme, a residency or a doctoral programme | Active as of 2026-07-01[143] | residence permit as of 2026-07-01[143] | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 46(2) gives 2 years to an alien admitted to a second-cycle programme and art. 46(4) gives 3 years to an alien admitted under the same clause to a residency or a doctoral programme, with a change for the remaining study period but no longer than 3 years. One clause therefore carries two different terms depending on which programme the applicant is admitted to, and initial_duration can hold only one. In each case a permit issued or changed for the final year of studies runs for a period up to 6 months longer than the expected study period. | Yes as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 40(1) provides for the issue and the change of a temporary residence permit on this ground, and art. 46(2)-(4) state the periods for which it is changed. | full as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 58(1-1) gives the holder of a permit issued under art. 46(1)(5) the right to work; the 20-hour cap in art. 46(6) applies to first-cycle students in their 1st or 2nd year and does not reach this clause. | Not established from a qualifying source |
| Not recorded | application: EUR 160 as of 2024-07-11[141] | admitted as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 46(1)(5) turns on the alien having been admitted or invited, not on enrolment having been completed. | 0.50 × minimum monthly wage per month as of 2026-07-01[142][143] Art. 26(1)(3) requires sufficient funds or regular income to live in Lithuania. Order No. A1-22 of the Minister of Social Security and Labour of 29 January 2007, made under art. 27 of the Law, sets the sum in minimum monthly wages: 0.5 MMA a month for an alien coming to study, learn, do a traineeship, improve a qualification or take part in vocational training; 0.5 MMA for an alien under 18; and 1 MMA for all other aliens. The order states multiples, not euro amounts, so the figure is stored as a multiple of the lt-mma reference figure and never pre-multiplied. | Not recorded | Yes as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 49-4 with art. 40(1)(15): an alien who completed studies, a formal vocational training programme, or research and experimental development work in Lithuania may be issued a 12-month permit to look for work and start working or start activity as a self-employed person, on a confirmation that no more than one year has passed since completion. |
| Lithuania Temporary residence permit for an alien intending to study or learn – invited to a science and studies institution to improve a qualification | Active as of 2026-07-01[143] | residence permit as of 2026-07-01[143] | up to 1 year as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 46(3): the permit is issued for the period of qualification improvement but for no longer than one year. | Yes as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 40(1) provides for the issue and the change of a temporary residence permit on this ground, and art. 46(2)-(4) state the periods for which it is changed. | none as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 58(1-1) names only permits issued under art. 46(1)(1), (3) or (5), and no other clause of art. 58 reaches this ground, so no right to work attaches to it. | Not established from a qualifying source |
| Not recorded | application: EUR 160 as of 2024-07-11[141] | admitted as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 46(1)(4) turns on the alien having been admitted or invited, not on enrolment having been completed. | 0.50 × minimum monthly wage per month as of 2026-07-01[142][143] Art. 26(1)(3) requires sufficient funds or regular income to live in Lithuania. Order No. A1-22 of the Minister of Social Security and Labour of 29 January 2007, made under art. 27 of the Law, sets the sum in minimum monthly wages: 0.5 MMA a month for an alien coming to study, learn, do a traineeship, improve a qualification or take part in vocational training; 0.5 MMA for an alien under 18; and 1 MMA for all other aliens. The order states multiples, not euro amounts, so the figure is stored as a multiple of the lt-mma reference figure and never pre-multiplied. | Not recorded | No as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 49-4 with art. 40(1)(15) opens the 12-month job-search permit to an alien who completed studies, a formal vocational training programme, or research and experimental development work in Lithuania. A traineeship under art. 46(1)(3) is served by a person studying, or recently graduated, abroad, and qualification improvement under art. 46(1)(4) is neither studies nor a formal vocational training programme, so neither clause qualifies on the face of art. 49-4. |
| Lithuania Temporary residence permit for an alien intending to study or learn – trainee studying abroad for a higher-education qualification, or one who completed such studies no more than 2 years ago | Active as of 2026-07-01[143] | residence permit as of 2026-07-01[143] | up to 1 year as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 46(3): the permit is issued for the period of the traineeship but for no longer than one year. | Yes as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 40(1) provides for the issue and the change of a temporary residence permit on this ground, and art. 46(2)-(4) state the periods for which it is changed. | full as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 58(1-1) gives the holder of a permit issued under art. 46(1)(3) the right to work; the 20-hour cap in art. 46(6) is expressed for first-cycle students in their 1st or 2nd year and does not reach this clause. | Not established from a qualifying source |
| Not recorded | application: EUR 160 as of 2024-07-11[141] | admitted as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 46(1)(3) turns on the alien having been admitted or invited, not on enrolment having been completed. | 0.50 × minimum monthly wage per month as of 2026-07-01[142][143] Art. 26(1)(3) requires sufficient funds or regular income to live in Lithuania. Order No. A1-22 of the Minister of Social Security and Labour of 29 January 2007, made under art. 27 of the Law, sets the sum in minimum monthly wages: 0.5 MMA a month for an alien coming to study, learn, do a traineeship, improve a qualification or take part in vocational training; 0.5 MMA for an alien under 18; and 1 MMA for all other aliens. The order states multiples, not euro amounts, so the figure is stored as a multiple of the lt-mma reference figure and never pre-multiplied. | Not recorded | No as of 2026-07-01[143] Art. 49-4 with art. 40(1)(15) opens the 12-month job-search permit to an alien who completed studies, a formal vocational training programme, or research and experimental development work in Lithuania. A traineeship under art. 46(1)(3) is served by a person studying, or recently graduated, abroad, and qualification improvement under art. 46(1)(4) is neither studies nor a formal vocational training programme, so neither clause qualifies on the face of art. 49-4. |
| Luxembourg Residence permit for pupils | Active as of 2026-06-12[145][147] | residence permit as of 2026-06-12[147] | up to 1 year as of 2026-06-12[147] Art. 60(2): the permit is 'valable pour une duree maximale d'un an'. | Not established from a qualifying source as of 2026-06-12[145][147] Art. 60 states no renewal rule and guichet's page does not address renewal. Recorded unknown. | Not established from a qualifying source as of 2026-06-12[145][147] | Not established from a qualifying source as of 2026-06-12[147] |
| Not established from a qualifying source as of 2026-06-12[147] | application: EUR 80 as of 2023-07-10[145] | admitted as of 2026-06-12[147] Art. 60(1)1: admission to a secondary-education establishment under the Law of 25 June 2004. | Not applicable as of 2026-06-12[145][147] The resources condition on this route does not sit on the applicant. Art. 60(1)5 requires proof that the exchange organisation stands surety for the pupil throughout the stay, in particular for stay and return costs, and art. 60(1)6 that the pupil is hosted by a selected family or host structure under the exchange programme's rules. Guichet states the same. Recorded not_applicable rather than unknown: the question was asked of the operative provision and the answer is that no means test falls on the applicant. | Not recorded | Not recorded |
| Luxembourg Residence permit for students | Active as of 2026-06-12[146][147] | residence permit as of 2026-06-12[147] Art. 57(1) issues a 'titre de sejour' under art. 40. | at least 1 year as of 2026-06-12[146][147] Art. 57(1): the permit is 'valable pour une duree minimale d'un an' – a floor, hence bound 'minimum'. Art. 57(2): where the study cycle runs under a year the permit covers the study period. Students on an EU or multilateral mobility programme, or under an agreement between two or more higher-education institutions, receive at least two years or the length of the studies if shorter. Guichet renders this as 'valid either for a minimum of 1 year or only for the duration of the study cycle in the event its duration is shorter'. | Yes as of 2026-06-12[146][147] Art. 57(1): renewable on request for the same period of validity as long as the conditions of grant remain met. | hours capped as of 2026-06-12[146][147] Art. 57(3): the holder may carry on a salaried activity limited to an average of fifteen hours per week over a one-month period, outside study time. The cap does not apply to salaried work during school holidays, to research work done for a doctorate within the higher-education establishment or an art. 65 accredited research organisation, or to the employment contracts of University of Luxembourg assistants. Guichet adds that the permit's 'observations' field carries the information on eligibility for work. | Not established from a qualifying source as of 2026-06-12[146][147] Not established. Neither art. 56 to 59 nor the guichet student page addresses whether student residence counts towards art. 80(1)'s five-year qualifying period for long-term resident status, and several countries count it partially or not at all. Recorded unknown rather than assumed, and citizenship_counting_factor is omitted per schema section 6.4 (recorded only where the counting rule is explicit). |
| Not established from a qualifying source as of 2026-06-12[147] | application: EUR 80 as of 2023-07-10[146] | admitted as of 2026-06-12[146][147] Art. 56(1)1: the applicant must have been admitted to a higher-education establishment to follow, as their principal activity, a full-time cycle leading to a higher-education qualification awarded by that establishment. Art. 56(2) limits the establishments to the University of Luxembourg, establishments delivering the Brevet de technicien superieur, and private higher-education institutions authorised under the Law of 14 August 1976. Guichet requires 'proof that they are enrolled in a higher education establishment in Luxembourg', which is the later stage of the same condition; the statute's 'admis' governs. | Not established from a qualifying source as of 2026-06-12[146][147] | 15 as of 2026-06-12[146][147] Art. 57(3): a maximum average of fifteen hours per week over a one-month period, outside study time. The exemptions for holiday work, doctoral research and University of Luxembourg assistants are recorded on permit.work_rights. | Yes as of 2026-06-12[144][147] Two distinct onward routes exist. Art. 59 lets a graduate of a university cycle of at least five years, or a successful doctoral candidate, be granted a salaried-worker or self-employed authorisation directly, provided the intended activity relates to their academic training. Art. 67-4 grants a separate twelve-month job-search or business-creation title, recorded as its own route (lu-job-search-business-creation). |
| Malta Residence permit for the purpose of study | Active as of 2026-08-07[163][165] | residence permit as of 2026-08-07[163][165] A residence permit issued by Identita. Where the course exceeds ninety days and the applicant needs a visa to reach Malta, a separate student national visa (D-visa) is issued by the Central Visa Unit with its own document list and fee scale – recorded as a process stage. | 1 year as of 2024-09-20[160][165] Reg. 16(2): the period of validity for students shall be at least one year, or the duration of studies where that is shorter, and shall be subject to renewal unless excluded under reg. 18; for students covered by Union or multilateral programmes comprising mobility measures, or by an agreement between two or more higher education institutions, it shall be at least two years or the duration of studies where shorter. Reg. 16(6) allows validity to be capped at the validity of the travel document, and Identita requires travel documents to have at least eight months' validity at submission. | Yes as of 2021-01-01[165] | hours capped as of 2026-08-07[158][160][165] Reg. 21(1): outside his study time a student is entitled to be employed and may be entitled to exercise self-employed economic activity, provided he holds an employment licence issued under article 11(3) of the Immigration Act. Reg. 21(2) requires the employment authorities, in consultation with the education authorities and the Chief Executive Officer, to determine the maximum hours following an examination of the labour market situation, which shall not be less than fifteen hours per week. Reg. 6 proviso allows an application to be treated as inadmissible or rejected where students are or will be in an employment relationship. | No as of 2021-03-11[164] S.L. 217.05 reg. 3(2)(a): the long-term residence regulations do not apply to third-country nationals who reside in Malta in order to pursue studies or vocational training. Reg. 4(2): in calculating the five years required by reg. 4(1), periods of residence for the reasons stated in reg. 3(2)(a), (e) and (f) shall not be taken into account. This is a total exclusion, not a fractional counting rule, so citizenship_counting_factor is not recorded. |
| Not established from a qualifying source S.L. 217.22 provides for family members of researchers only. Reg. 23, headed 'Researchers' family members', applies the Family Reunification Regulations with derogations removing the reasonable-prospects and minimum-residence conditions, requiring a decision within ninety days, tying the family permit's expiry to the researcher's authorisation and removing any time limit on family members' labour market access. There is no equivalent provision for students, and the regulations neither admit nor exclude students' dependants in terms; no Identita page addresses it. | application: EUR 50 as of 2026-08-07[163] Identita's fee for study, researcher and training applications. Volunteers are free of charge. | admitted as of 2024-09-20[160][165] Reg. 2 defines a student as a third-country national who has been accepted by a higher education institution and is admitted to Malta to pursue as a main activity a full-time course of study leading to a higher education qualification recognised by the Malta Qualifications Recognition Information Centre. Reg. 11(1)(a) requires evidence that he has been accepted by a higher education institution to follow a course of study. Acceptance must therefore already exist at application; enrolment is not separately required. Identita names two different licensing authorities for the institution on two different documents – the National Commission for Higher Education on its study page and the Malta Further and Higher Education Authority on form N.01 – both requiring MQRIC recognition at MQF level 5. Form N.01 adds that tuition hours must exceed fifteen per week. | 0.60 × national equivalised income threshold per year as of 2024-09-20[160][165] | Sources disagree as of 2026-08-07[158][160][161][165] | Yes as of 2026-08-07[159][165] |
| Mexico Temporary Resident Student Visa | Active as of 2026-06-17[166][170] | Not recorded | Not established from a qualifying source[168][171] Ley art. 52 fr. VIII authorises stay "por el tiempo que duren los cursos, estudios, proyectos de investigación o formación … hasta la obtención del certificado, constancia, diploma, título o grado", with annual renewal. Neither the Ley, the Reglamento nor the Lineamientos fixes a card validity for this condition (Reglamento art. 156 governs the residente temporal card only) | Yes as of 2026-01-15[168][171] "deberá renovarse anualmente, para lo cual el extranjero acreditará que subsisten las condiciones requeridas para la expedición de la autorización inicial" (Ley art. 52 fr. VIII); renewal requires a letter from the educational institution (Reglamento art. 159 fr. I c) | authorisation required as of 2026-01-15[168][171] The card does not itself authorise work. Remunerated activity is possible only at higher-education, postgraduate and research levels, and only on a separate INM authorisation requiring a letter of conformity from the educational institution and a job offer in activities related to the field of study (Ley art. 52 fr. VIII; Reglamento arts. 164, 165). The application must be filed directly with INM (Lineamientos Trámite 6) | Not established from a qualifying source[168][171] |
| Yes as of 2026-01-15[168][170] "El Residente Temporal Estudiante tiene derecho a la Unidad Familiar de conformidad con el artículo 112 del Reglamento, por lo que sus familiares podrán solicitar la visa de Residente Temporal de conformidad con el trámite 5" (Lineamientos Trámite 6); Ley art. 52 fr. VIII imports the family list of fr. VII | application: MXN 990.79 as of 2025-11-07[169][170] Consular visa fee, LFD art. 22 fr. III d). Foreign students may be exempt from consular legalisation fees where their country grants reciprocity (LFD art. 24 fr. I c) | admitted as of 2026-06-17[166][170][171] A "carta de aceptación" from an institution belonging to the Sistema Educativo Nacional, stating the applicant’s full name, the level, grade and field of study, the course name, its start and end dates, the tuition cost and the institution’s identifying data (Trámite 6, III a.1). Acceptance, not prior enrolment, is what is documented | 220 × Measure and Update Unit (UMA), daily value (a daily figure), assessed monthly measured over 3 months as of 2026-06-17[166][170] | Not applicable[168][171] No weekly hours cap exists. Work is instead restricted by level of study (higher education, postgraduate, research only) and by relatedness to the field of study, and requires a separate INM authorisation (Ley art. 52 fr. VIII; Reglamento arts. 164, 165) | No as of 2026-01-15[168][171] No graduate or job-search permit exists. Ley art. 52 enumerates the condiciones de estancia exhaustively and none is a post-study category. A student may change to residente temporal at any time (Reglamento art. 141 fr. VII), and to residente permanente on the general grounds of art. 141 fr. VI, but neither is a post-study route |
| Netherlands Student residence permit for university or higher professional education | Active as of 2026-06-08[180] | residence permit as of 2026-06-08[180] Type I temporary regular residence permit. | up to 5 years as of 2026-06-08[180] | Yes as of 2026-06-08[180] | hours capped as of 2026-06-08[180] | Not established from a qualifying source[180] |
| Yes as of 2026-07-24[176][178] A student is not on the IND's list of purposes that cannot sponsor a partner, and the partner and minor-child pages both address the case of a sponsor holding a study permit expressly. | application: Not established from a qualifying source[173] | enrolled as of 2026-06-08[180] Proof of registration, or temporary proof of registration, as a student. The programme must be full-time and accredited by the NVAO in the Netherlands or registered with EQAR in Europe, and the institution must be an IND-recognised sponsor listed in the public register for study. | 1 × IND required amount for study at a university or institute of higher professional education per month as of 2026-07-13[179] | 16 as of 2026-06-08[180] Hours per week during term, as an alternative to full-time work limited to June, July and August. The choice is exclusive. Applies to employment only; self-employment is uncapped. | Yes as of 2026-06-12[177][180] The orientation year for highly educated persons, recorded in this record as nl-orientation-year. The IND also routes graduates directly to the highly skilled migrant permit on the reduced salary criterion, or to the start-up permit. |
| Peru Study residence status | Active as of 2026-08-26[182][184][186] | residence permit as of 2021-03-24[183][185][186] A residence calidad migratoria evidenced by a carné de extranjería. DL 1350 art. 29.2 lit. c allows the application to be made inside Peru, or before entry through an authorised representative | 365 days as of 2023-11-14[182][185][186] Reglamento art. 83.2 and DL 1350 art. 29.2 lit. c: 365 days | Yes as of 2026-08-26[185][186] Reglamento art. 83.3: the extension applies for the same period. The TUPA carries "Prórroga de la Calidad Migratoria Formación Residente" | authorisation required as of 2023-11-14[182][183][185] Studying here does not by itself let you work. You can apply separately for an extraordinary work permit, which for students covers the whole of your approved stay and allows half-time work. DL 1350 art. 29.2 lit. c: the calidad "No permite trabajar ni realizar actividades remuneradas ni lucrativas, salvo la previa emisión del Permiso de Trabajo Extraordinario otorgado por MIGRACIONES". Reglamento art. 67.1 makes that permit unusually workable for a student: instead of the ordinary 60 calendar days it is granted for the whole approved residence period, and it allows half-time work. The permit requires a work contract approved by the labour authority, costs S/ 19.10 (TUPA payment code 07562) and is decided in 5 working days | No as of 2021-03-24[183][185] |
| Yes as of 2023-11-14[182][185][186] Family members do not ride on this permit: they apply for the separate familiar de residente calidad migratoria (Reglamento art. 89), which is open to the migratory family unit of any foreign national holding regular residence. DL 1350 art. 38 defines that unit as the spouse or the partner in a unión de hecho under the Civil Code; the couple's minor child; the couple's unmarried adult child up to 28 while in technical or higher education; the couple's unmarried adult child unable to support themselves through proven physical or mental disability; the minor child of one spouse or partner; that child as an adult where the same disability applies; and an ascendant of the couple. 'parent' in eligible_relations carries that ascendant limb, which is wider than a parent (grandparent is not separately named and is not asserted here) | application: PEN 58.80 as of 2026-08-26[186] Solicitud de Calidad Migratoria de Formación Residente, TUPA payment code 07567 | enrolled as of 2026-08-26[184][185][186] The file carries a certificate of enrolment (constancia de matrícula) issued by a study centre officially recognised by the Peruvian State, naming the applicant and stating a course length of one year or more — an acceptance letter is not enough. For workplace training modalities and for student exchange the equivalent is an accreditation letter from the receiving entity or institution, also for one year or more | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value as of 2026-08-26[184][186] | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value as of 2021-03-24[183][185] | No as of 2023-11-14[182][186] |
| Peru Temporary study status | Active as of 2026-08-26[182][186] | national visa as of 2026-08-26[185][186] A temporary calidad migratoria allowing a single entry; no carné de extranjería is issued | 90 days as of 2023-11-14[182][185][186] Reglamento art. 73.3: 90 days, single entry, extendable once for the same period; DL 1350 art. 29.1 lit. d says the same | Yes as of 2023-11-14[182][185][186] Once only: Reglamento art. 73.3 reads "prorrogables por única vez y por el mismo plazo" | authorisation required as of 2023-11-14[182][183][185] DL 1350 art. 29.1 lit. d gives the temporary calidad the same activities as the residence twin, and for formación those exclude paid work except with the extraordinary work permit under Reglamento art. 67.1 | No as of 2023-11-14[182][183][185] |
| No as of 2023-11-14[182][185] | application: PEN 58.80 as of 2026-08-26[186] Solicitud de Calidad Migratoria Formación Temporal, TUPA payment code 07567 | enrolled as of 2026-08-26[185][186] A certificate of enrolment from an officially recognised study centre, or an accreditation letter for a workplace training modality or a student exchange. Unlike the residence twin, this procedure sets no minimum course length — the requirement asks only that the document state the duration of study, which fits a calidad capped at 90 days | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value as of 2026-08-26[186] | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value as of 2021-03-24[183][185] | No as of 2023-11-14[182][186] |
| Poland Temporary residence permit for the purpose of study | Active as of 2026-04-07[187][189] | residence permit as of 2026-04-07[187] | up to 15 months as of 2026-04-07[187][190] | Yes as of 2026-04-07[187][190] Art. 145 ust. 4: a further permit is granted for the period of the studies or the preparatory course plus 3 months, or plus 6 months for doctoral candidates, and for no longer than 3 years. As everywhere in Polish law this is a fresh permit rather than an extension. The Office for Foreigners adds that a foreigner who continues on this route cannot then apply for the EU long-term resident permit. | full as of 2026-08-07[194] Art. 3 ust. 1 pkt 14 of the Act of 20 March 2025 on the conditions for the admissibility of entrusting work to foreigners gives the holder of this permit free access to the Polish labour market (swobodny dostęp do rynku pracy): no work permit, no employer tie, no hours cap. Poland therefore imposes no term-time hours cap on students at all, which is unusual in the EU. | Yes as of 2026-04-07[187] |
| Yes as of 2026-04-07[187] Art. 159 ust. 1 pkt 1 lit. e: a family member may be granted a temporary residence permit for family reunification where the sponsor has resided in Poland for at least 2 years on successive temporary residence permits and holds, immediately before the application, a permit granted for a period of not less than 1 year. This route is not one of the bases in lit. a-d or f-i that carry no waiting period. | application: PLN 340 one-off as of 2026-08-24[190][192] Opłata skarbowa, Part III of the annex to the Act of 16 November 2006 on stamp duty, consolidated text Dz.U. 2025 poz. 1154 as updated to 2026-08-03. Item 2 sets PLN 340 for a temporary residence permit generally; item 2b sets PLN 440 for permits under art. 114 ust. 1 and 1a, art. 127, art. 137a, art. 139a ust. 1 and art. 139o ust. 1; item 2c sets PLN 170 for the art. 185a seasonal permit; item 2d sets PLN 220 for changing a single permit under art. 120 ust. 1. Permits under art. 160 pkt 4, 5 or 6, art. 176 and art. 186 ust. 1 pkt 8 and 9 are exempt. | admitted as of 2026-04-07[187] Art. 144 ust. 1 pkt 1 lit. a: a certificate from the institution confirming ADMISSION to studies, or their continuation – admission, not enrolment, is what opens the route. That provision is repealed by the pending amendment carried in the consolidated text; art. 148b already requires the authority to verify the applicant against the POL-on registers of foreigners admitted to studies and of students, so the certificate is being replaced by a register check rather than by a different substantive test. | 1 × social-assistance income criterion, single-person household per month as of 2026-04-07[187][190][193] Art. 144 ust. 1 pkt 2 lit. b with ust. 1a: sufficient funds to cover maintenance, the return journey and the costs of study; the monthly maintenance figure, after deducting accommodation costs, must be HIGHER than the social-assistance income criterion for the applicant and each dependant – PLN 1,010 for a single-person household or PLN 823 per person in a family. Art. 144 ust. 1b defines accommodation costs and ust. 1c disapplies the deduction for nationals of states named in the regulation under art. 113b. The return-travel component is a separate flat amount set by the Regulation of the Minister of Interior of 6 February 2018 – PLN 200 from a state neighbouring Poland, PLN 500 from another EU, EEA-EFTA or Swiss state, PLN 2,500 from anywhere else, and the same again per accompanying dependent family member – and is stated here rather than folded into the monthly figure, which is what the field holds. | Not applicable Poland caps nothing. Free labour-market access under art. 3 ust. 1 pkt 14 of the Act of 20 March 2025 carries no term-time hours limit, so there is no number to record. | Yes as of 2026-04-07[187] Art. 186 ust. 1 pkt 6: a graduate of a Polish higher-education institution who is looking for work or plans to start a business may be granted a temporary residence permit on account of other circumstances. Recorded separately as pl-absolwent-poszukiwanie-pracy. |
| Poland Temporary residence permit on account of other circumstances (undertaking or continuing school education or vocational training) | Active as of 2026-04-07[187][189] | residence permit as of 2026-04-07[187] | up to 1 year as of 2026-04-07[187] Art. 190 pkt 2: the period of the education or vocational training, and no longer than 1 year. | Yes as of 2026-04-07[187] | authorisation required as of 2026-04-07[187][194] Art. 3 ust. 1 of the Act of 20 March 2025 lists art. 144 – university study – among the free-access grounds and does NOT list art. 187 pkt 1. A pupil or vocational trainee therefore needs a work permit or a registered declaration under art. 3 ust. 3 pkt 3 of that Act, where a university student does not. Read to its end, art. 3 ust. 1 is a closed enumeration. | Yes as of 2026-04-07[187] |
| Yes as of 2026-04-07[187] Art. 159 ust. 1 pkt 1 lit. e: a family member may be granted a temporary residence permit for family reunification where the sponsor has resided in Poland for at least 2 years on successive temporary residence permits and holds, immediately before the application, a permit granted for a period of not less than 1 year. This route is not one of the bases in lit. a-d or f-i that carry no waiting period. | application: PLN 340 one-off as of 2026-08-24[192] Opłata skarbowa, Part III of the annex to the Act of 16 November 2006 on stamp duty, consolidated text Dz.U. 2025 poz. 1154 as updated to 2026-08-03. Item 2 sets PLN 340 for a temporary residence permit generally; item 2b sets PLN 440 for permits under art. 114 ust. 1 and 1a, art. 127, art. 137a, art. 139a ust. 1 and art. 139o ust. 1; item 2c sets PLN 170 for the art. 185a seasonal permit; item 2d sets PLN 220 for changing a single permit under art. 120 ust. 1. Permits under art. 160 pkt 4, 5 or 6, art. 176 and art. 186 ust. 1 pkt 8 and 9 are exempt. | Not established from a qualifying source | 1 × social-assistance income criterion, single-person household per month as of 2026-04-07[187] Art. 188 ust. 3 splits the two limbs. For lit. a (nauka) pkt 3 requires sufficient funds for the costs of education, maintenance and return, at a monthly level above the social-assistance income criterion (ust. 6). For lit. b (vocational training) pkt 2 requires instead a stable and regular source of income sufficient for maintenance, measured against the same criterion by ust. 4 and art. 140 ust. 2. Both point at the same figure by different routes; the difference between held funds and a regular income is not expressible in one field. | Not recorded | No as of 2026-04-07[187] Art. 186 ust. 1 pkt 6's job-search permit is open to a graduate of a Polish HIGHER-education institution only. Nothing in art. 186 or art. 187 gives a school leaver or a vocational trainee an equivalent. Sourced absence on a closed enumeration. |
| Portugal Residence permit for higher-education students | Active as of 2026-08-07[195][198] | residence permit as of 2026-08-07[195][198] | 3 years as of 2026-08-07[195][198] | Yes as of 2026-08-07[195][198] Renewable for equal periods. | full as of 2026-08-07[195][198] | Yes as of 2025-10-22[198] | Yes as of 2025-10-22[198] | application: Not established from a qualifying source | enrolled as of 2026-08-07[195][198] REPSAE art. 91.º/1/a) requires proof of matrícula at a higher-education institution, and AIMA lists the comprovativo da matrícula among the specific documents. Admission alone suffices at the visa stage (art. 62.º/4), not at the permit stage. | 1 × guaranteed minimum monthly remuneration (national minimum wage) per month as of 2026-08-07[195][196][197] | Not applicable | Not established from a qualifying source | |
| Portugal Residence permit for secondary-school and vocational students | Active as of 2025-10-22[198] | residence permit as of 2025-10-22[198] | 1 year as of 2025-10-22[198] | Yes as of 2025-10-22[198] | full as of 2025-10-22[198] | Not established from a qualifying source | Yes as of 2025-10-22[198] | application: Not established from a qualifying source | enrolled as of 2025-10-22[198] | 1 × guaranteed minimum monthly remuneration (national minimum wage) per month as of 2026-08-07[196][197] | Not applicable As for the higher-education route: art. 97.º/1 states no hours cap and the former limits in art. 97.º/2 and /3 are revoked. | Not established from a qualifying source Not researched for this route; see the higher-education route's note. | |
| Portugal Residence permit for trainees | Active as of 2025-10-22[198] | residence permit as of 2025-10-22[198] | 6 to 24 months as of 2025-10-22[198] | Yes as of 2025-10-22[198] | full as of 2025-10-22[198] | Not established from a qualifying source | Yes as of 2025-10-22[198] | application: Not established from a qualifying source | admitted as of 2025-10-22[198] | 1 × guaranteed minimum monthly remuneration (national minimum wage) per month as of 2026-08-07[196][197] The general criterion applies through art. 77.º and art. 52.º/1/d), subject to the art. 62.º/9 waiver. | Not applicable Art. 97.º/1 states no hours cap; the former limits in art. 97.º/2 and /3 are revoked. The internship's own timetable is fixed by the training contract under art. 62.º/7/b), which is a contractual matter, not a statutory cap on the permit. | Not established from a qualifying source Not researched for this route; see the higher-education route's note. | |
| Romania Pupil — long-stay study visa D/SD | Active as of 2026-08-25[200][204] IGI's study page sets out both limbs in the present tense and the Ministry's catalogue names pupils among the recipients of the D/SD visa. | residence permit as of 2026-08-25[204] A D/SD long-stay visa for 90 days, then a residence permit. | up to 1 year as of 2026-08-25[204] IGI: foreigners entering Romania for studies may apply to extend the residence right for a period equal to the total duration of the studies in the case of students and pupils, AND FOR A PERIOD NOT EXCEEDING ONE YEAR in the case of foreigners taking part in a pupil exchange programme. The one-year ceiling recorded here is the exchange limb's; the Romanian-origin scholarship limb follows the total-duration rule. | Yes as of 2026-08-25[204] The permit is renewed at least 30 days before the previous one expires and IGI sets out the extension documents for the pupil-exchange limb expressly. | hours capped as of 2026-08-25[204] | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value as of 2026-08-25[203][204] |
| Not established from a qualifying source Not established. | application: EUR 300 one-off as of 2026-08-25[199][204] The Ministry of Foreign Affairs fee page states the long-stay visa fee (symbol D) is 300 euro, and states in terms that this figure applies to applications sent for validation to Romanian missions through the e-Viza portal from 27 April 2026, applications sent before that date being charged 120 euro. It is a single fee for every long-stay visa symbol, not a per-purpose one. Ukrainian citizens are exempt from the long-stay visa fee under a bilateral agreement in force since 21 October 2016, and so are family members of Romanian, EU, EEA and Swiss citizens who accompany or join them. | admitted as of 2026-08-25[204] The dovada acceptarii la studii issued by the Ministry of Education, showing a full-time form of study, plus proof of participation in the exchange programme or educational project run by an organisation constituted under the law and recognised for that purpose. | Not established from a qualifying source | Not recorded | Yes as of 2026-08-25[204] IGI states the 6-month academic-record extension and the 9-month job-search or business-opening extension for the residence right for studies without distinguishing pupils from students. |
| Romania Student — long-stay study visa D/SD | Active as of 2026-08-25[200][204] IGI's study page and the Ministry's catalogue both set out the route in the present tense. | residence permit as of 2026-08-25[204] A D/SD long-stay visa for 90 days, then a residence permit. | Not established from a qualifying source | Yes as of 2026-08-25[204] The permit is renewed at least 30 days before the previous one expires, and IGI sets out the documents for extension expressly. | hours capped as of 2026-08-25[204] | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value as of 2026-08-25[203][204] |
| Not established from a qualifying source Not established. Students are not among the sponsors IGI names for family reunification, but IGI does not say they are excluded either. | application: EUR 300 one-off as of 2026-08-25[199][204] The Ministry of Foreign Affairs fee page states the long-stay visa fee (symbol D) is 300 euro, and states in terms that this figure applies to applications sent for validation to Romanian missions through the e-Viza portal from 27 April 2026, applications sent before that date being charged 120 euro. It is a single fee for every long-stay visa symbol, not a per-purpose one. Ukrainian citizens are exempt from the long-stay visa fee under a bilateral agreement in force since 21 October 2016, and so are family members of Romanian, EU, EEA and Swiss citizens who accompany or join them. | admitted as of 2026-08-25[204][206] At the visa stage the applicant produces the dovada de acceptare la studii issued by the Ministry of Education, showing they will follow a full-time form of study at an accredited or provisionally authorised institution – acceptance, not yet enrolment. The acceptance letter is asked for only at the FIRST extension; at every extension an adeverinta from the institution proves actual enrolment. | 1 × national minimum gross base wage guaranteed in payment per month as of 2026-08-25[204] At the visa stage, means of maintenance of at least the national minimum gross base wage guaranteed in payment, MONTHLY, for the whole period written in the visa. At the permit stage, the same figure FOR A PERIOD OF AT LEAST 6 MONTHS. Two exemptions IGI states expressly: scholarship holders of the Romanian state and of accredited state universities on full-time courses need prove neither the tuition payment nor the means, and are also exempt from the consular and permit fees; and foreigners of Romanian ethnicity, having an ascendant who had or has Romanian citizenship, need not prove means. | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value as of 2026-08-25[204] The cap is 6 HOURS A DAY on a part-time individual employment contract, with no work aviz needed. This field holds hours per WEEK. Romania states no weekly figure, and multiplying 6 by any number of days would invent one – a five-day reading gives 30 and a six-day reading gives 36, and the source chooses neither. Recorded not_expressible with the daily figure stated, per schema section 4. | Yes as of 2026-08-25[204] Two distinct post-study extensions of this same permit, not separate instruments. The residence right for studies may be extended by AT MOST 6 MONTHS after graduation to settle the school or university record and authenticate the study documents; and by 9 MONTHS after graduation to look for a job and carry out employment formalities or to open a business, on production of the documents attesting completion of the studies. |
| Romania Trainee — long-stay study visa D/SD | Active as of 2026-08-25[200][204] IGI's study page sets out the trainee document list in the present tense and the Ministry's catalogue names trainees among the recipients of the D/SD visa. | residence permit as of 2026-08-25[204] A D/SD long-stay visa for 90 days, then a residence permit. | Not established from a qualifying source Not established. IGI states the extension rule for students and pupils and for pupil-exchange participants, and states none for trainees; the traineeship's own length is presumably the measure, but that is an inference and is not asserted. | Not established from a qualifying source Not established. | none as of 2026-08-25[204][206] | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value as of 2026-08-25[203][204] |
| Not established from a qualifying source Not established. | application: EUR 300 one-off as of 2026-08-25[199][204] The Ministry of Foreign Affairs fee page states the long-stay visa fee (symbol D) is 300 euro, and states in terms that this figure applies to applications sent for validation to Romanian missions through the e-Viza portal from 27 April 2026, applications sent before that date being charged 120 euro. It is a single fee for every long-stay visa symbol, not a per-purpose one. Ukrainian citizens are exempt from the long-stay visa fee under a bilateral agreement in force since 21 October 2016, and so are family members of Romanian, EU, EEA and Swiss citizens who accompany or join them. | admitted as of 2026-08-25[204][206] An acord de formare profesionala, plus proof of holding a higher-education graduation diploma obtained IN THE LAST TWO YEARS preceding the application, or proof of participation in a cycle of studies leading to such a diploma. | 1 × national minimum gross base wage guaranteed in payment per month as of 2026-08-25[204] Means of maintenance of at least the level of the national minimum gross base wage guaranteed in payment for the whole period written in the visa, plus proof of accommodation. | Not recorded | Not recorded |
| Romania Unpaid vocational training | Active as of 2026-08-25[200][201] IGI's other-purposes page and the Ministry's catalogue both set out the cumulative conditions in the present tense. | residence permit as of 2026-08-25[201] A D/AS long-stay visa for 90 days, then a residence permit. | up to 1 year as of 2026-08-25[201] IGI states this limb's own rule and it is stricter than the general other-purposes one: the residence right for foreigners who entered Romania for unpaid vocational training is granted FOR A PERIOD OF AT MOST ONE YEAR, WITHOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF EXTENSION. | No as of 2026-08-25[201] IGI: 'fara posibilitatea prelungirii'. This is one of only two exceptions IGI names inside the other-purposes category, the other being the four-year periods for stateless persons of Romanian origin repatriated under international agreements. | none as of 2026-08-25[200][201] | Not established from a qualifying source Not established. IGI publishes the categories to which the long-term residence right is NOT granted as a closed list: holders of temporary residence for studies; applicants for and beneficiaries of temporary protection; applicants for and beneficiaries of protection other than international protection; applicants for international protection; holders of a residence right conferred by a short-stay, diplomatic or service visa; and holders of a right obtained to work as a seasonal worker or an au-pair worker. This route is not in that list. But absence from a list of exclusions is not the same as a positive statement that time on this route counts, and IGI names only work, commercial activities and family reunification as examples of qualifying purposes. This limb is neither named among the qualifying purposes nor among the excluded categories. A one-year non-extendable permit cannot on its own reach the five-year continuity condition, but a person may accumulate qualifying residence across purposes. |
| Not established from a qualifying source Not established. A permit granted for at most one year without extension will rarely reach the one-year-valid-permit threshold the general reunification rule requires, but that is an inference and is not asserted. | application: EUR 300 one-off as of 2026-08-25[199][201] The Ministry of Foreign Affairs fee page states the long-stay visa fee (symbol D) is 300 euro, and states in terms that this figure applies to applications sent for validation to Romanian missions through the e-Viza portal from 27 April 2026, applications sent before that date being charged 120 euro. It is a single fee for every long-stay visa symbol, not a per-purpose one. Ukrainian citizens are exempt from the long-stay visa fee under a bilateral agreement in force since 21 October 2016, and so are family members of Romanian, EU, EEA and Swiss citizens who accompany or join them. | admitted as of 2026-08-25[200][201] A contract de formare for unpaid participation in a form of training at an accredited vocational training provider or at a public- or private-sector undertaking authorised under the law to run such activity. At the permit stage IGI also asks for the training institution's constitutive act. | 1 × average gross earning per month as of 2026-08-25[200][201] | Not recorded | Not recorded |
| Slovakia Temporary residence for the purpose of study | Active as of 2026-08-24[236][239] | residence permit as of 2026-08-24[236] | up to 6 years as of 2026-08-24[236][239] Granted for the expected duration of the study and for no longer than six years. Both the Border and Aliens Police and the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs state the six-year ceiling, which is the longest initial term any Slovak temporary residence carries. | Not established from a qualifying source | hours capped as of 2026-08-24[235][240] § 23a ods. 1 písm. e) of the Employment Services Act: a holder of study residence, other than a language-school pupil, needs neither a work permit nor a labour-office confirmation provided work for all employers together does not exceed 10 hours a week, or 20 hours a week for a university student, or the corresponding number of days or months in a year. The Migration Information Centre restates the same rule monthly, as 40 hours a month for a secondary-school pupil and 80 for a university student. The language-school exclusion is the trap on this route: a language-course student on study residence has no work right at all under this provision. | Not established from a qualifying source Not established. Whether study time counts towards EU long-term residence under § 52, and at what rate, could not be sourced — the qualifying period itself is unknown on this record. | Not established from a qualifying source | application: EUR 0 one-off as of 2026-08-24[237][239] | admitted as of 2026-08-24[239] The purpose is proved by a confirmation of the applicant's ACCEPTANCE for study, issued by the competent state administration body or by the school, or by a confirmation from the organisation administering programmes approved by the Government of the Slovak Republic or European Union programmes under a contract with the competent state administration body. Admission, not enrolment: the document is dated no more than 90 days before the application and precedes the start of the course. | Not established from a qualifying source[238] | 20 as of 2026-08-24[235][240] | No as of 2026-08-24[234][236][240] Slovakia has no job-search or graduate residence. The § 21 ods. 1 enumeration of temporary-residence purposes is closed on its face and contains no such purpose, and the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs' catalogue of purposes enumerates the same list — recorded as a sourced absence. What does exist is a labour-market facilitation rather than a residence: § 23a ods. 1 písm. t) of the Employment Services Act frees a person who has successfully completed secondary or university study in Slovakia from needing a work permit or a labour-office confirmation, so a graduate moves onto employment-purpose residence without the labour-market test rather than onto a job-search permit. | |
| Slovenia Temporary residence permit for study | Active as of 2026-08-25[229] | residence permit as of 2026-08-25[229] | up to 1 year as of 2026-08-25[229][233] Article 44(2) as replaced: issued for the duration of the study, of the international exchange or of the training, but for not longer than one year. | Yes as of 2026-08-25[229][233] | authorisation required as of 2026-08-25[222][229][233] | Yes as of 2026-08-25[227] It counts, but at half weight, which is the single most consequential fact about this permit for anyone planning to settle. The Ministry states it with its own worked example: time on a study residence permit is counted at half towards the five years of continuous lawful residence article 52 of ZTuj-2 requires – two years of residence count as one recognised year. |
| Not established from a qualifying source Not established, and the gap is real rather than clerical. Article 47(1) of ZTuj-2 gives the reunification right to a foreigner who has resided for the last year on a temporary permit issued with a validity of at least one year, and a study permit is issued for at most one year – so whether it satisfies its own condition is a question the sources do not answer. The Ministry publishes six family-reunification pages and NONE of them is for family members of students, while it publishes one each for family members of Blue Card holders, researchers and intra-corporate transferees. That silence is suggestive and it is not a source. | application: EUR 50 one-off as of 2026-08-25[231] | admitted as of 2026-08-25[229][233] Article 44(1) as replaced turns on admission (sprejem) to the programme, and article 44(3) as replaced accepts proof of admission or of participation issued by the educational organisation or by the state-authorised organisation. The Ministry's document list asks for a potrdilo o vpisu, an enrolment certificate, which is the stronger form; 'admitted' is recorded because that is what the statute requires. | 1 × basic amount of minimum income per month as of 2026-08-25[229][232] Article 33(3) of ZTuj-2: sufficient means of subsistence for the period of residence, monthly at least in the amount of the basic minimum income in the Republic of Slovenia. The general condition on every temporary residence permit; the Ministry's page for this permit repeats it without an amount of its own. | Not established from a qualifying source Not established, and it was looked for. Neither the Ministry's study page, nor its status-change page, nor the Employment Service's page for foreigners holding a residence permit states any weekly or annual cap on student work. What gates employment here is the informativni list, not an hours ceiling. | Yes as of 2026-08-25[228] A separate permit under article 44.b of ZTuj-2, recorded as si-dovoljenje-studenti-iskanje-zaposlitve. |
| Slovenia Temporary residence permit on the basis of student mobility | Active as of 2026-08-25[224] | residence permit as of 2026-08-25[224] A permit, notwithstanding that the trigger is a notification rather than an application form. The Ministry states that there is no prescribed form and that a written official notification is what is required, and then that where the administrative unit permits the residence it issues the student a temporary residence permit for study with the type entered as 'študent – mobilnost', collected in person as a card. | up to 360 days as of 2026-08-25[224] Issued for the duration of the mobility as set in the mobility programme or in the institution's certificate, but for not more than 360 days and not longer than the study residence permit issued in the other EU member state remains valid. The figure is 360 days rather than a year and is recorded as published. | Not established from a qualifying source Not established. The Ministry states that the permit is not intended for long-term residence in Slovenia and that on expiry the student must leave or obtain another permit, but it does not say in terms that extension is impossible. | Not established from a qualifying source Not established. The Ministry's page says nothing about work either way, and the study permit's own answer cannot simply be carried across because this permit rests on another member state's permit rather than on Slovenian enrolment. | Not established from a qualifying source Not established. |
| Not established from a qualifying source Not established; the Ministry's page says nothing about family members. | Not recorded | admitted as of 2026-08-25[224] Proof of admission to the Slovenian institution stating the expected duration of the study within the mobility, plus proof of inclusion in a mobility programme such as Erasmus+ or comparable, plus a study residence permit issued in another EU member state and valid for the whole intended stay in Slovenia. | 1 × basic amount of minimum income per month as of 2026-08-25[224] Article 33(3) of ZTuj-2: sufficient means of subsistence for the period of residence, monthly at least in the amount of the basic minimum income in the Republic of Slovenia. The general condition on every temporary residence permit; the Ministry's page for this permit repeats it without an amount of its own. | Not recorded | Not established from a qualifying source Not established. The students' job-search permit under article 44.b requires studies completed at a Slovenian institution, which a mobility student ordinarily has not done, but the Ministry does not address the case. |
| Spain Autorización de estancia de larga duración para la realización de estudios superiores o de educación secundaria postobligatoria | Active as of 2025-11-01[78] | residence card as of 2025-11-01[78] | Not applicable The term has no fixed numeric value. For higher studies the stay lasts as long as the studies themselves; for post-compulsory secondary education it lasts as long as those studies, capped at one year. Validity runs from one month before, to fifteen days after, the end of the studies. The rule is carried by initial_duration_basis. | Yes as of 2025-11-01[78] By extension (prórroga). Up to two extensions are permitted per authorisation, for both higher studies and post-compulsory secondary education. | hours capped as of 2025-05-01[80] A long-duration stay authorisation obtained for HIGHER studies authorises employed and self-employed work automatically and without a further procedure, provided the activity is compatible with the studies and thirty hours are not exceeded; the sheet states the figure without qualifying it as weekly, and exceeding the limit is a ground for terminating the stay authorisation. The authorisation is also limited geographically to one autonomous community, though work may be done in bordering localities of another. Curricular internships forming part of the study plan need no separate authorisation. Holders of stays under art. 52 (b)-(e) of Real Decreto 1155/2024 instead need a separate work authorisation, processed in three months with negative silence. | Yes as of 2025-05-01[81] |
| Yes as of 2025-11-01[78] Only where the student holds a HIGHER-education stay authorisation. Family members may apply simultaneously or later, provided the student has at least ninety calendar days of validity remaining. | application: EUR 10.94 one-off as of 2025-06-16[77] | admitted as of 2025-11-01[78] | 1 × Public Multiple-Effect Income Indicator per month as of 2025-11-01[78] For the applicant's own support, monthly, 100% of the IPREM, unless accommodation is duly evidenced as paid for in advance for the whole duration of the stay, in which case the requirement falls away. Amounts used to pay for the studies themselves are not counted toward this test. For family members the requirement is 75% of the IPREM for the first and 50% for each of the others, recorded on family_inclusion. No source retrieved converts these percentages into euros. For the extension, any means of proof is accepted, including the applicant's own resources, family resources, subsidies, grants and scholarships. | 30 as of 2025-05-01[80] | Yes as of 2025-09-01[78][79] Holders who complete studies at an authorised Spanish higher education institution reaching at least level 6 of the European Qualifications Framework may apply for the residence authorisation for job search or to start a business project, recorded as the separate route es-post-study-job-search. |
| Sweden Contract or specialisation education | Active as of 2026-08-22[212][220] | residence permit as of 2026-08-22[220] | up to 4 years as of 2025-02-25[212] 'You can be granted a residence permit for a maximum of four years, but not for longer than your studies are supposed to last.' The ordinance sets the floor instead – at least one year or the shorter study period. Two weeks are added where the permit covers the whole programme. | Yes as of 2025-02-25[212] 'Your residence permit can be extended.' | none as of 2025-02-25[212] Migrationsverket answers this directly and it is the sharpest single fact on the route: 'Can I work with this residence permit? No. A residence permit for contract or specialisation education does not give you the right to work in Sweden.' That makes it the only study route in this record with no work rights at all – notable because one of its two branches is specialisation training for doctors and dentists, which is clinical work by nature. The permit covers the training; paid employment alongside it does not come with it. | No as of 2026-08-22[221] Not among the permit types Utlanningslag 5 kap. 5 § counts. Recorded false rather than unknown because 5 kap. 5 § is an exhaustive enumeration and a 4 kap. 5 § ordinance permit is not in it. |
| Yes as of 2025-02-25[212] 'If any of your family members also want to apply for a residence permit, they can do so at the same time as you.' Utlanningsforordning 4 kap. 5 c § is the provision. | application: SEK 1,500 as of 2025-02-25[212] | admitted as of 2026-08-22[212][220] Final admission to full-time study; distance learning does not qualify. | 0.18 × price base amount (a annual figure), assessed monthly as of 2025-09-18[212][218] 'The maintenance requirement is at least SEK 10,656 per month, if you applied in 2026' – exactly 18 per cent of the 2026 price base amount of SEK 59,200, which is why it is stored as a relative_amount against se-prisbasbelopp and not pre-multiplied (research-rules 6.4). The whole family of figures on this page is whole percentages of the same index: free food reduces the monthly amount by SEK 2,960 (5 per cent), free housing by SEK 4,736 (8 per cent), an accompanying partner adds SEK 4,440 (7.5 per cent) and each accompanying child SEK 2,664 (4.5 per cent). The means may be personal bank assets, a scholarship, a sponsor, a student grant or loan from the country of origin, or income from employment, and may be combined; credit, funds, shares, microfinance-bank assets and locked deposits do not count, and private individuals are not accepted as sponsors. The 2025 figure was SEK 10,584 – 18 per cent of the 2025 price base amount. | 0 as of 2025-02-25[212] | No as of 2026-08-22[221] 5 b kap. 8 § gives the post-study job-search permit to holders of a 5 b kap. 3 § permit – study within higher education – and this permit is granted under Utlanningsforordning 4 kap. 5 § instead. Migrationsverket's own guide lists 'Contract or specialisation education' among the permits a person can switch FROM when applying for other study permits, but not into the post-study route. |
| Sweden Doctoral studies | Active as of 2026-08-22[213][221] | residence permit as of 2026-08-22[221] | up to 4 years as of 2025-02-17[213] 'You can be granted a residence permit for a maximum of four years, but not for longer than your studies are supposed to last.' Two weeks are added where the permit covers the whole programme. | Yes as of 2026-08-22[213][221] 5 b kap. 17 §. | hours capped as of 2025-02-17[213] 'In parallel with your education, you can work with teaching, research or administration (up to 20 percent of full time).' Industrial doctoral students may work more under conditions the page does not enumerate. Note the difference from the 15-hour first- and second-cycle cap introduced on 11 June 2026: this one is a percentage of full time and is confined to academic work. | Yes as of 2026-08-22[221] Utlanningslag 5 kap. 5 § forsta stycket 2 and andra stycket 2 both count 'utbildning pa forskarniva'. This is the one study route in the record that leads to a permanent permit. |
| Yes as of 2025-02-17[213] | application: SEK 1,500 as of 2025-02-17[213] | admitted as of 2026-08-22[213][221] 'You must be finally admitted to full-time studies in Sweden' at third cycle. | 0.18 × price base amount (a annual figure), assessed monthly as of 2025-09-18[213][218] 'The maintenance requirement is at least SEK 10,656 per month, if you applied in 2026' – exactly 18 per cent of the 2026 price base amount of SEK 59,200, which is why it is stored as a relative_amount against se-prisbasbelopp and not pre-multiplied (research-rules 6.4). The whole family of figures on this page is whole percentages of the same index: free food reduces the monthly amount by SEK 2,960 (5 per cent), free housing by SEK 4,736 (8 per cent), an accompanying partner adds SEK 4,440 (7.5 per cent) and each accompanying child SEK 2,664 (4.5 per cent). The means may be personal bank assets, a scholarship, a sponsor, a student grant or loan from the country of origin, or income from employment, and may be combined; credit, funds, shares, microfinance-bank assets and locked deposits do not count, and private individuals are not accepted as sponsors. The 2025 figure was SEK 10,584 – 18 per cent of the 2025 price base amount. On this route the qualifying forms are narrower – own bank assets, a scholarship, a doctoral salary or a doctoral grant, evidenced by a certificate of enrolment from the institution. | Recorded at the source, but not reducible to a single value[213] | Yes as of 2026-08-22[213][221] se-job-search-after-studies, at the doctoral term of one year to eighteen months. |
| Sweden Higher education | Active as of 2026-08-22[214][221] | residence permit as of 2026-08-22[221] Exempt from the work-permit requirement under Utlanningsforordning (2006:97) 5 kap. 2 § forsta stycket 6 a, so no separate arbetstillstand. | 12 to 24 months as of 2025-06-04[214][221] 'You can be granted a residence permit for a maximum of one or two years, depending on which higher education institution you will be studying at, but not for longer than your studies will last.' Migrationsverket publishes the list of 34 institutions whose students get two years; everyone else gets one. Mobility-programme studies of at least two years also get two. The statutory floor is the same shape – 5 b kap. 3 § andra-tredje styckena set at least one year, at least two under a mobility programme. Where the permit covers the whole programme, two weeks are added to allow completion and departure. | Yes as of 2026-08-22[214][221] 5 b kap. 17 §: extendable on application. | hours capped as of 2026-08-21[209][214][221] New on 11 June 2026 and the single most consequential change on this route: a first- or second-cycle student may work at most 15 hours a week during semesters, where before there was no limit. Four carve-outs let the student work without limit – work that is part of the education (an internship), student representation, administration or research at the institution, artistic research there, and the months of June, July and August. A fifth applies after completion: someone who has finished a programme of at least two semesters with a certificate may work without limit for the rest of the permit, provided they are not applying for a new first- or second-cycle study permit. The cap applies to permits granted on or after 11 June 2026. | No as of 2026-08-22[221] Utlanningslag 5 kap. 5 § forsta stycket 2 counts 'utbildning pa forskarniva' – doctoral level – and not first- or second-cycle study. Time on this permit does not count toward a permanent permit. The route to one runs through se-job-search-after-studies and then a work permit, which does count. |
| Yes as of 2025-06-04[214] | application: SEK 1,500 as of 2025-06-04[214] | admitted as of 2026-08-22[214][221] 5 b kap. 3 §: 'antagits till en utbildning pa heltid'. Migrationsverket adds that admission is final only once any tuition fee is paid, and the institution notifies the authority when it is. Full-time means 30 credits a semester at a university or university college, or an average of at least 20 teaching hours a week elsewhere; distance learning does not qualify. The route also covers higher vocational education and post-secondary folk high school courses. | 0.18 × price base amount (a annual figure), assessed monthly as of 2025-09-18[214][218] 'The maintenance requirement is at least SEK 10,656 per month, if you applied in 2026' – exactly 18 per cent of the 2026 price base amount of SEK 59,200, which is why it is stored as a relative_amount against se-prisbasbelopp and not pre-multiplied (research-rules 6.4). The whole family of figures on this page is whole percentages of the same index: free food reduces the monthly amount by SEK 2,960 (5 per cent), free housing by SEK 4,736 (8 per cent), an accompanying partner adds SEK 4,440 (7.5 per cent) and each accompanying child SEK 2,664 (4.5 per cent). The means may be personal bank assets, a scholarship, a sponsor, a student grant or loan from the country of origin, or income from employment, and may be combined; credit, funds, shares, microfinance-bank assets and locked deposits do not count, and private individuals are not accepted as sponsors. The 2025 figure was SEK 10,584 – 18 per cent of the 2025 price base amount. | 15 as of 2026-08-21[209][214][221] Fifteen hours a week during semesters, for permits granted on or after 11 June 2026. See work_rights for the five carve-outs. Exceeding it can cost the permit (5 b kap. 22 §) or the extension (18 §). | Yes as of 2026-08-22[214][221] se-job-search-after-studies, under 5 b kap. 8 §. |
| Sweden Other studies and exchange studies at upper secondary school | Active as of 2026-06-24[217] | residence permit as of 2026-06-24[217] | up to 1 year as of 2026-06-24[217] 'You can be granted a residence permit for a maximum of one year, but never for longer than your passport is valid.' Two weeks are added where the permit covers the whole programme. | Yes as of 2026-06-24[217] 'Your residence permit can be extended.' | Not established from a qualifying source[217] | No as of 2026-08-22[221] Not among the permit types Utlanningslag 5 kap. 5 § counts. |
| No as of 2026-06-24[207][217] Stated from both sides. This page offers only a visit: 'If your family wants to visit you in Sweden, they can apply for a visitor's permit.' And the family-of-students route excludes it in terms: 'If you are a family member of a person who has a residence permit for other studies (e.g., upper secondary school studies), you cannot apply for a residence permit.' | application: SEK 1,500 as of 2026-06-24[217] | admitted as of 2026-06-24[217] 'You must be finally admitted to full-time studies in Sweden. You cannot be granted a residence permit for distance learning as a form of study.' Someone accepted for exchange studies at a university or university college uses se-study-higher-education instead. | 0.18 × price base amount (a annual figure), assessed monthly as of 2026-06-24[214][217][218] 'The maintenance requirement is at least SEK 10,656 per month, if you applied in 2026' – exactly 18 per cent of the 2026 price base amount of SEK 59,200, which is why it is stored as a relative_amount against se-prisbasbelopp and not pre-multiplied (research-rules 6.4). The whole family of figures on this page is whole percentages of the same index: free food reduces the monthly amount by SEK 2,960 (5 per cent), free housing by SEK 4,736 (8 per cent), an accompanying partner adds SEK 4,440 (7.5 per cent) and each accompanying child SEK 2,664 (4.5 per cent). The means may be personal bank assets, a scholarship, a sponsor, a student grant or loan from the country of origin, or income from employment, and may be combined; credit, funds, shares, microfinance-bank assets and locked deposits do not count, and private individuals are not accepted as sponsors. The 2025 figure was SEK 10,584 – 18 per cent of the 2025 price base amount. An applicant under 18 also needs the consent of their parents or legal guardians, and may use the guardians' accounts as the basis for the maintenance showing. | Not recorded | Not recorded |
| Sweden Studies in a mobility programme | Active as of 2026-08-22[216][221] | residence permit as of 2026-08-22[221] For the 3 § branch. The 14 § branch issues no title at all – it is a notification regime, which instrument_type has no value for. | at least 2 years as of 2026-08-22[214][221] 5 b kap. 3 § tredje stycket sets a FLOOR of two years where a mobility programme applies, not a ceiling – the bound marker is 'minimum' for that reason. Migrationsverket puts the same rule the other way round on the higher-education page: 'If you will be studying in a mobility programme within the EU and are going to start your studies in Sweden, you can also be granted a residence permit for two years, as long as the studies will last for at least two years.' | Yes as of 2026-08-22[221] 5 b kap. 17 § covers 1-3 § permits. | hours capped as of 2026-08-21[209][214][221] The 3 § branch is a first- or second-cycle study permit and carries the same 15-hour weekly cap introduced on 11 June 2026. Recorded here rather than left blank because a mobility student is a student for those purposes. | No as of 2026-08-22[221] 5 kap. 5 § counts doctoral-level study only. |
| Yes as of 2025-12-03[207] Migrationsverket's family-of-students page covers family of holders of a first- or second-cycle, doctoral, or post-study job-search permit. A mobility permit granted under 5 b kap. 3 § is a first- or second-cycle permit, so the family route reaches it. 5 b kap. 13 § andra stycket separately lets family members holding another EU state's permit accompany a researcher on short mobility. | application: SEK 1,500 as of 2025-06-04[214][216] | admitted as of 2026-08-22[216][221] Admission to a programme run within a Union or multilateral mobility programme, or under an agreement between two or more higher-education institutions. | 0.18 × price base amount (a annual figure), assessed monthly as of 2025-09-18[214][218] 'The maintenance requirement is at least SEK 10,656 per month, if you applied in 2026' – exactly 18 per cent of the 2026 price base amount of SEK 59,200, which is why it is stored as a relative_amount against se-prisbasbelopp and not pre-multiplied (research-rules 6.4). The whole family of figures on this page is whole percentages of the same index: free food reduces the monthly amount by SEK 2,960 (5 per cent), free housing by SEK 4,736 (8 per cent), an accompanying partner adds SEK 4,440 (7.5 per cent) and each accompanying child SEK 2,664 (4.5 per cent). The means may be personal bank assets, a scholarship, a sponsor, a student grant or loan from the country of origin, or income from employment, and may be combined; credit, funds, shares, microfinance-bank assets and locked deposits do not count, and private individuals are not accepted as sponsors. The 2025 figure was SEK 10,584 – 18 per cent of the 2025 price base amount. Applied to this route through the higher-education permit it is granted under; the mobility hub page states no separate figure. | 15 as of 2026-08-21[209][214] The first- and second-cycle cap from 11 June 2026. | Yes as of 2026-08-22[221] 5 b kap. 8 § andra stycket reaches mobility students explicitly: someone holding another EU state's study permit who has studied at least two semesters' worth in Sweden under 14 § can take the post-study job-search permit here. |
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Sources
- [1] AuslBG § 20d — Zulassungsverfahren for the Red-White-Red Card, EU Blue Card, Niederlassungsbewilligung – Künstler and Grenzgänger permission, including the four-week AMS deadline and the six-month post-unemployment job-search period (version in force from 7 August 2026)
Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes (RIS), Bundeskanzleramt · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2026-08-07 · Accessed 2026-08-12 - [2] Familienzusammenführung — family reunification: definition of family member, which title each sponsor category yields, the quota rule, 'Deutsch vor Zuzug' A1 requirement, 2026 equalisation supplement reference rates, fees
migration.gv.at — joint portal of the Federal Ministry of the Interior, the Federal Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection and the Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-12 · Archived copy - [3] StudienabsolventInnen — twelve-month job-search/business-founding extension of the Student residence permission and the Red-White-Red Card for graduates of Austrian higher education
migration.gv.at — joint portal of the Federal Ministry of the Interior, the Federal Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection and the Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-12 · Archived copy - [4] Permanent immigration — Red-White-Red Card groups and general requirements for issuing residence permits (incl. the equalisation supplement reference rate from 1 January 2026)
migration.gv.at — joint portal of the Federal Ministry of the Interior, the Federal Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection and the Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-12 - [5] Temporärer Aufenthalt — the Aufenthaltsbewilligung (temporary residence permission) catalogue: general conditions, 2026 equalisation supplement reference rates including the reduced rates for pupils and students, labour-market access for pupils and students
migration.gv.at — joint portal of the Federal Ministry of the Interior, the Federal Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection and the Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-12 · Archived copy - [6] NAG § 11 — Allgemeine Voraussetzungen für einen Aufenthaltstitel (incl. Abs. 5: subsistence measured against the § 293 ASVG reference rates)
Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes (RIS), Bundeskanzleramt · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-12 - [7] NAG § 13 — Niederlassungsverordnung (the annual quota ordinance and the exhaustive list of quota-bound residence titles)
Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes (RIS), Bundeskanzleramt · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-12 - [8] NAG § 20 — Gültigkeitsdauer von Aufenthaltstiteln (12-month default, three-year issue after Module 1, five-year long-term-resident document, EEA absence rule)
Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes (RIS), Bundeskanzleramt · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-12 - [9] NAG § 45 — Aufenthaltstitel „Daueraufenthalt – EU“
Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes (RIS), Bundeskanzleramt · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-12 - [10] NAG § 63 — Aufenthaltsbewilligung für Schüler
Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes (RIS), Bundeskanzleramt · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2023-12-31 · Accessed 2026-08-12 - [11] NAG § 64 — Aufenthaltsbewilligung als Student (version in force from 7 August 2026)
Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes (RIS), Bundeskanzleramt · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2026-08-07 · Accessed 2026-08-12 - [12] NAG § 69 — Aufenthaltsbewilligung Familiengemeinschaft
Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes (RIS), Bundeskanzleramt · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2025-12-01 · Accessed 2026-08-12 - [13] Niederlassungs- und Aufenthaltsgesetz (NAG) § 8 — Arten und Form der Aufenthaltstitel (consolidated federal law, version in force on the access date)
Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes (RIS), Bundeskanzleramt · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2026-08-07 · Accessed 2026-08-12 - [14] „Aufenthaltsbewilligung – Schüler“ – Antrag — pupil residence permission: eligible schools, minimum age six, EUR 218 application fee
oesterreich.gv.at — Austrian federal digital-services portal (content responsibility: Federal Ministry of the Interior) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-08-10 · Accessed 2026-08-12 - [15] „Aufenthaltsbewilligung – Student“ – Antrag — student residence permission: one-year validity (two years on a Union mobility programme), post-study extension, EUR 218 application fee
oesterreich.gv.at — Austrian federal digital-services portal (content responsibility: Federal Ministry of the Interior) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-08-03 · Accessed 2026-08-12 · Archived copy - [16] Loi du 15 décembre 1980 sur l'accès au territoire, le séjour, l'établissement et l'éloignement des étrangers — consolidated text (Justel), updated to 24 June 2026
Service public fédéral Justice (Moniteur belge / Justel) · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-24 · Accessed 2026-08-13 - [17] Contribution fee
Immigration Office (Office des Etrangers / Dienst Vreemdelingenzaken), FPS Home Affairs · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-13 - [18] Stable, regular and adequate means of subsistence
Immigration Office (Office des Etrangers / Dienst Vreemdelingenzaken), FPS Home Affairs · official guidance · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-13 - [19] Contribution fee indexation
Immigration Office (Office des Etrangers / Dienst Vreemdelingenzaken), FPS Home Affairs · official guidance · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-13 - [20] Search year after higher studies
Immigration Office (Office des Etrangers / Dienst Vreemdelingenzaken), FPS Home Affairs · official guidance · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-13 - [21] Sufficient means of subsistence (students and search year)
Immigration Office (Office des Etrangers / Dienst Vreemdelingenzaken), FPS Home Affairs · official guidance · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-13 - [22] Study – higher education
Immigration Office (Office des Etrangers / Dienst Vreemdelingenzaken), FPS Home Affairs · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-13 - [23] Minister raises minimum financial requirements for non-EU students in Belgium
European Migration Network – Belgian National Contact Point (Immigration Office, FPS Home Affairs) · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2026-03-04 · Accessed 2026-08-13 - [24] Een buitenlander in Vlaanderen tewerkstellen: voor wie
Government of Flanders (Vlaamse overheid), Department of Work and Social Economy · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-13 - [25] Разрешаване на продължително пребиваване на чужденци — информация за предоставяне на услуга
Администрация на Министерския съвет — Административен регистър (ИИСДА) · official guidance · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [26] Режим 1271: Издаване на разрешение за работа на работници-граждани на трети държави в Република България (Административен регистър, услуга на Агенцията по заетостта)
Администрация на Министерския съвет / Агенция по заетостта · official guidance · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [27] Закон за изменение и допълнение на Закона за чужденците в Република България
Държавен вестник (Народно събрание) · gazette · Tier 1 · Published 2025-06-27 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [28] Закон за чужденците в Република България (консолидиран текст)
Министерство на иновациите и растежа (публикуван текст на закона) · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2022-03-18 · Accessed 2026-08-25 · Amended by bg-dv-zid-zchrb-52-2025 - [29] Закон за трудовата миграция и трудовата мобилност (консолидиран текст, PDF)
Министерство на труда и социалната политика · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [30] School pupils
Migration Department, Deputy Ministry of Migration and International Protection · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-01-02 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [31] Μαθητές σχολείου
Migration Department, Deputy Ministry of Migration and International Protection · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-01-02 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [32] Students
Migration Department, Deputy Ministry of Migration and International Protection · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2025-12-31 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [33] Φοιτητές
Migration Department, Deputy Ministry of Migration and International Protection · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2025-12-31 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [34] Trainees
Migration Department, Deputy Ministry of Migration and International Protection · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-01-02 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [35] Ασκούμενοι
Migration Department, Deputy Ministry of Migration and International Protection · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-01-02 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [36] Long-term Residence Permit for the Purpose of Seeking Employment or Starting a Business
Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-07-01 · Accessed 2026-08-23 · Archived copy - [37] Long-term Residence Permit – Other Educational Activities
Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-24 · Accessed 2026-08-23 - [38] Long-term Visa – Other Educational Activities
Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-22 · Accessed 2026-08-23 · Archived copy - [39] Long-term Residence Permit in the Czech Republic for the Purpose of Studies
Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-07-27 · Accessed 2026-08-23 - [40] Long-term Visa for the Purpose of Studies
Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-07-27 · Accessed 2026-08-23 · Archived copy - [41] Visa for a Stay Longer than 90 Days for the Purpose of Training
Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-22 · Accessed 2026-08-23 · Archived copy - [42] Economic migration and government programs
Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-02 · Accessed 2026-08-23 - [43] Narizeni vlady o maximalnim poctu zadosti – zamestnani a podnikani (Government Regulation No. 220/2019 Coll., as amended, with the per-mission tables)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-30 · Accessed 2026-08-22 · Archived copy - [44] Zakon c. 326/1999 Sb., o pobytu cizincu na uzemi Ceske republiky a o zmene nekterych zakonu – consolidated text
Ministerstvo vnitra CR / e-Sbirka · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-12 · Accessed 2026-08-22 - [45] Zákon č. 435/2004 Sb., o zaměstnanosti (consolidated text in force from 1 July 2026)
Sbírka zákonů a mezinárodních smluv (e-Sbírka) · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2026-07-01 · Accessed 2026-08-23 - [46] Aufenthaltsgesetz (AufenthG) § 1 – Zweck des Gesetzes; Anwendungsbereich (consolidated)
Bundesministerium der Justiz / juris (gesetze-im-internet.de) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [47] Aufenthaltsgesetz (AufenthG) § 16a – Berufsausbildung; berufliche Weiterbildung (consolidated)
Bundesministerium der Justiz / juris (gesetze-im-internet.de) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [48] Aufenthaltsgesetz (AufenthG) § 16b – Studium (consolidated)
Bundesministerium der Justiz / juris (gesetze-im-internet.de) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [49] Aufenthaltsgesetz (AufenthG) § 20 – Suche nach einer Erwerbstätigkeit (consolidated)
Bundesministerium der Justiz / juris (gesetze-im-internet.de) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [50] Aufenthaltsgesetz (AufenthG) § 30 – Ehegattennachzug (consolidated)
Bundesministerium der Justiz / juris (gesetze-im-internet.de) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [51] Aufenthaltsgesetz (AufenthG) § 32 – Kindernachzug (consolidated)
Bundesministerium der Justiz / juris (gesetze-im-internet.de) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [52] Aufenthaltsgesetz (AufenthG) § 4a – Zugang zur Erwerbstätigkeit (consolidated)
Bundesministerium der Justiz / juris (gesetze-im-internet.de) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [53] Aufenthaltsgesetz (AufenthG) § 51 – Beendigung der Rechtmäßigkeit des Aufenthalts (consolidated)
Bundesministerium der Justiz / juris (gesetze-im-internet.de) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [54] Aufenthaltsverordnung (AufenthV) § 41 – Vergünstigung für bestimmte Staatsangehörige (consolidated)
Bundesministerium der Justiz / juris (gesetze-im-internet.de) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [55] Aufenthaltsverordnung (AufenthV) § 45 – Gebühren Aufenthaltserlaubnis (consolidated)
Bundesministerium der Justiz / juris (gesetze-im-internet.de) · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-08 · Archived copy - [56] Aufenthaltsverordnung (AufenthV) § 46 – Gebühren Visum (consolidated)
Bundesministerium der Justiz / juris (gesetze-im-internet.de) · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [57] Freizügigkeitsgesetz/EU (FreizügG/EU) § 1 – Anwendungsbereich (consolidated)
Bundesministerium der Justiz / juris (gesetze-im-internet.de) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [58] Visa for studying
Make it in Germany (Federal Government portal for skilled workers) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [59] Visa for vocational training
Make it in Germany (Federal Government portal for skilled workers) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [60] Accompanying family members to students, PhDs and persons having or applying for a residence permit to obtain a Danish authorisation
Danish Agency for International Recruitment and Integration (SIRI) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-29 · Accessed 2026-08-20 - [61] Basic and youth study programmes
Danish Agency for International Recruitment and Integration (SIRI) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-30 · Accessed 2026-08-20 - [62] Folk high schools
Danish Agency for International Recruitment and Integration (SIRI) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-07-01 · Accessed 2026-08-20 - [63] Job seeking residence permit for 3 years after a completed educational programme
Danish Agency for International Recruitment and Integration (SIRI) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-26 · Accessed 2026-08-20 - [64] PhD studies (full degree)
Danish Agency for International Recruitment and Integration (SIRI) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-30 · Accessed 2026-08-20 - [65] Higher educational programmes
Danish Agency for International Recruitment and Integration (SIRI) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-30 · Accessed 2026-08-20 · Archived copy - [66] Bekendtgoerelse af udlaendingeloven (Aliens Act, consolidated), LBK nr 1183 af 25/09/2025
Udlaendinge- og Integrationsministeriet / Retsinformation · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2025-09-25 · Accessed 2026-08-22 - [67] Apply for a permanent residence permit
The Danish Immigration Service · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-07-07 · Accessed 2026-08-19 - [68] Aliens Act (Välismaalaste seadus), consolidated text, official English translation
Riigi Teataja (State Gazette), Republic of Estonia · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-29 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [69] Working in Estonia (state portal article, text by the Police and Border Guard Board)
Riigiportaal eesti.ee / Police and Border Guard Board · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2025-04-15 · Accessed 2026-08-08 · Archived copy - [70] Tähtajalise elamisloa ja selle pikendamise ning pikaajalise elaniku elamisloa ja selle taastamise taotlemise kord ning legaalse sissetuleku määrad (Minister of the Interior Regulation), consolidated text
Siseminister (Minister of the Interior), published in Riigi Teataja (State Gazette), Republic of Estonia · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2026-05-19 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [71] Residence permit for a family member
Police and Border Guard Board (Politsei- ja Piirivalveamet) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [72] State fee amounts – Residence permit and rights of residence
Police and Border Guard Board (Politsei- ja Piirivalveamet) · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Published 2025-01-01 · Accessed 2026-08-08 · Archived copy - [73] State fee amounts – Residence permit card
Police and Border Guard Board (Politsei- ja Piirivalveamet) · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Published 2025-01-01 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [74] Residence permit for study — for foreign nationals
Police and Border Guard Board · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-08 · Archived copy - [75] Elamisluba õppimiseks — välismaalasele
Politsei- ja Piirivalveamet · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [76] Valitsus kehtestas järgmise aasta sisserände piirarvuks 1292 inimest
Siseministeerium (Ministry of the Interior) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2025-11-06 · Accessed 2026-08-08 - [77] Orden PJC/617/2025, de 13 de junio, por la que se establece el importe de las tasas por tramitación de autorizaciones administrativas y documentos de identidad en materia de inmigración y extranjería
Boletín Oficial del Estado · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Published 2025-06-16 · Accessed 2026-08-06 - [78] Hoja 1 – Autorización de estancia de larga duración para la realización de estudios superiores o de educación secundaria postobligatoria
Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2025-11-01 · Accessed 2026-08-06 - [79] Hoja 20 – Autorización de residencia para búsqueda de empleo o inicio de proyecto empresarial
Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2025-09-01 · Accessed 2026-08-06 - [80] Hoja 4 bis – Acceso al empleo de las personas titulares de una autorización de estancia de larga duración por estudios, movilidad de alumnos, servicios de voluntariado o actividades formativas
Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2025-05-01 · Accessed 2026-08-06 - [81] Hoja 50 – Autorización de residencia de larga duración UE
Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2025-05-01 · Accessed 2026-08-06 - [82] Laki kolmansien maiden kansalaisten maahantulon ja oleskelun edellytyksistä tutkimuksen, opiskelun, työharjoittelun ja vapaaehtoistoiminnan perusteella 719/2018 (consolidated text)
Oikeusministeriö / Finlex · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2025-12-22 · Accessed 2026-08-22 - [83] Moving to Finland to be with a family member
Finnish Immigration Service (Maahanmuuttovirasto) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-21 · Archived copy - [84] First residence permit
Finnish Immigration Service (Maahanmuuttovirasto, Migri) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-20 - [85] Application for students and researchers: residence permit to look for work or to start a business
Finnish Immigration Service (Maahanmuuttovirasto) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-21 · Archived copy - [86] Permanent residence permits
Finnish Immigration Service (Maahanmuuttovirasto, Migri) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-20 - [87] Residence permit types
Finnish Immigration Service (Maahanmuuttovirasto, Migri) · official guidance · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-20 - [88] Residence permit application for studies
Finnish Immigration Service (Maahanmuuttovirasto) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-21 · Archived copy - [89] Residence permits on the basis of work
Finnish Immigration Service (Maahanmuuttovirasto) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-21 - [90] Étudiant étranger en France : visa de long séjour ou titre de séjour (fiche F2231)
Direction de l'information légale et administrative (DILA) — Service Public · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-08-01 · Accessed 2026-08-10 - [91] Carte de séjour ou VLS-TS – Recherche d'emploi/création d'entreprise (fiche F17319)
Direction de l'information légale et administrative (DILA) — Service Public · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-01 · Accessed 2026-08-10 - [92] Carte de résident de longue durée-UE (étranger en France depuis 5 ans) (fiche F17359)
Direction de l'information légale et administrative (DILA), Premier ministre — Service Public · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-01 · Accessed 2026-08-10 - [93] Titres, cartes de séjour et documents de circulation pour étranger en France (dossier N110) — enumeration of French residence titles
Direction de l'information légale et administrative (DILA) — Service Public · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-02-10 · Accessed 2026-08-10 - [94] Law 5275/2026 – promotion of legal migration policies and transposition of Directive (EU) 2024/1233 (full text reproduction)
e-nomothesia.gr · press · Tier 2 · Published 2026-02-06 · Accessed 2026-08-04 - [95] Law 5275/2026 – promotion of legal migration policies, transposition of Directive (EU) 2024/1233 (Government Gazette A' 17/06.02.2026)
National Printing House (et.gr) · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2026-02-06 · Accessed 2026-08-04 - [96] Law 5038/2023 – Migration Code (Government Gazette A' 81/01.04.2023)
National Printing House (et.gr) · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2023-04-01 · Accessed 2026-08-04 · Archived copy - [97] JMD 225679/2024 – sufficient resources amounts under L.5038/2023 (Government Gazette B' 5223/17.09.2024)
National Printing House (et.gr) · gazette · Tier 1 · Published 2024-09-17 · Accessed 2026-08-04 - [98] Migration Code, Law 5038/2023 (Government Gazette A' 81/01.04.2023) – full text hosted by the Ministry of Migration and Asylum
Hellenic Ministry of Migration and Asylum · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2023-04-01 · Accessed 2026-08-04 · Archived copy - [99] JMD 225679/2024 – determination of the level and means of proof of sufficient resources under L.5038/2023 (Gazette B' 5223/17.09.2024), copy hosted by the Ministry of Migration and Asylum
Hellenic Ministry of Migration and Asylum · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2024-09-17 · Accessed 2026-08-04 · Archived copy - [100] Residence permit of a highly qualified employee ('E.1') following admission with a uniform visa or visa-free regime – initial granting
National Registry of Administrative Procedures (Mitos), Hellenic Republic · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-04 · Archived copy - [101] L.5275/2026: what changes for residence permits
Plati Law Firm · law firm · Tier 2 · Published 2026-02-06 · Accessed 2026-08-04 - [102] Long-Term Residence and Permanent stay
Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Croatia (MUP) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-15 · Archived copy - [103] Temporary stay of third-country nationals
Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Croatia (MUP) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-15 · Archived copy - [104] Work of third-country nationals
Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Croatia (MUP) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-15 · Archived copy - [105] Pravilnik o izmjenama i dopunama Pravilnika o boravku državljana trećih zemalja, NN 43/2026
Narodne novine / Ministarstvo unutarnjih poslova · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2026-04-10 · Accessed 2026-08-15 - [106] Uredba o načinu izračuna i visini sredstava za uzdržavanje državljanina treće zemlje u Republici Hrvatskoj, NN 14/2021
Narodne novine · Vlada Republike Hrvatske · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2021-02-12 · Accessed 2026-08-15 · Archived copy · Amended by hr-uredba-uzdrzavanje-3-26 - [107] Zakon o strancima (Aliens Act), NN 133/2020
Narodne novine (Official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia) / Hrvatski sabor · gazette · Tier 1 · Published 2020-12-04 · Accessed 2026-08-15 · Amended by hr-zakon-o-strancima-114-22, hr-zakon-o-strancima-40-25, hr-zakon-o-strancima-55-26 - [108] Zakon o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o strancima, NN 40/2025
Narodne novine / Hrvatski sabor · gazette · Tier 1 · Published 2025-03-07 · Accessed 2026-08-15 - [109] Zakon o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o strancima, NN 55/2026
Narodne novine / Hrvatski sabor · gazette · Tier 1 · Published 2026-05-27 · Accessed 2026-08-15 - [110] EU Immigration Portal – Hungary, family member
European Commission · international organisation · Tier 2 · Accessed 2026-08-07 - [111] Act XC of 2023 on the general rules for the admission and right of residence of third-country nationals – text published by the Government
Government of Hungary (kormany.hu) · official guidance · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-07 - [112] Tajekoztatok – Hungarian-language factsheet index (official permit designations)
National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing (NDGAP/OIF) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-07 · Archived copy - [113] Residence permit for the purpose of family reunification
National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing (NDGAP/OIF) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-03-10 · Accessed 2026-08-07 · Archived copy - [114] Residence permit for the purpose of seeking a job or starting a business
National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing (NDGAP/OIF) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-03-03 · Accessed 2026-08-07 · Archived copy - [115] Procedural fees
National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing (NDGAP/OIF) · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Published 2026-03-03 · Accessed 2026-08-07 · Archived copy - [116] Residence of the student, pupil
National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing (NDGAP/OIF) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-03-02 · Accessed 2026-08-07 · Archived copy - [117] Residence permit for the purpose of traineeship
National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing (NDGAP/OIF) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-03-03 · Accessed 2026-08-07 · Archived copy - [118] Residence permit for the purpose of training
National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing (NDGAP/OIF) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-03-03 · Accessed 2026-08-07 · Archived copy - [119] Work in Hungary – Study in Hungary
Tempus Public Foundation · official guidance · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-07 - [120] Immigration rules for full-time non-EEA students
Citizens Information Board · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2026-04-16 · Accessed 2026-08-11 - [121] How to become an Irish citizen — guide to naturalisation (reckonable residence, fees, conditions)
Immigration Service Delivery, Department of Justice, Home Affairs and Migration · official guidance · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-11 - [122] Financial Thresholds for Non-EEA Family Reunification
Immigration Service Delivery, Department of Justice, Home Affairs and Migration · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-12 · Accessed 2026-08-11 - [123] Frequently asked questions for students — work hours, registration fee, seven-year limit, family
Immigration Service Delivery, Department of Justice, Home Affairs and Migration · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2025-03-31 · Accessed 2026-08-11 - [124] Third level graduate programme — conditions, duration of permission, fee
Immigration Service Delivery, Department of Justice, Home Affairs and Migration · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2024-03-28 · Accessed 2026-08-11 - [125] Iscriversi alle universita' italiane a.a. 2026/2027: condizioni per la concessione del visto per studio
Ambasciata d'Italia a Tunisi (MAECI) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-04 - [126] Visto di studio / immatricolazione – lauree triennali, magistrali, master e dottorati
Consolato Generale d'Italia a Parigi (MAECI) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-04 - [127] DPCM 2 ottobre 2025 – Programmazione dei flussi d'ingresso 2026-2028 (GU Serie Generale n. 240, 15-10-2025)
Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri (PDF hosted by Ministero dell'Interno) · gazette · Tier 1 · Published 2025-10-15 · Accessed 2026-08-04 · Archived copy - [128] DPR 394/1999, art. 13 – Rinnovo del permesso di soggiorno (consolidated, in force)
Normattiva (Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-04 · Archived copy - [129] DPR 394/1999, art. 14 – Conversione del permesso di soggiorno (consolidated, in force)
Normattiva (Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-04 - [130] Circolare INPS n. 153 del 19-12-2025, Allegato 2 – importi pensioni e assegno sociale 2026
INPS · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2025-12-19 · Accessed 2026-08-04 · Archived copy - [131] D.Lgs. 286/1998, art. 28 – Diritto all'unita familiare (consolidated, in force)
Normattiva (Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-04 · Archived copy - [132] D.Lgs. 286/1998, art. 29 – Ricongiungimento familiare (consolidated, in force)
Normattiva (Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-04 · Archived copy - [133] D.Lgs. 286/1998, art. 30 – Permesso di soggiorno per motivi familiari (consolidated, in force)
Normattiva (Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-04 - [134] D.Lgs. 286/1998, art. 39 – Accesso ai percorsi di istruzione tecnico superiore e ai percorsi di formazione superiore (consolidated, in force)
Normattiva (Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-04 - [135] D.Lgs. 286/1998, art. 39-bis – Soggiorno di studenti, scambio di alunni, tirocinio (consolidated, in force)
Normattiva (Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-04 - [136] D.Lgs. 286/1998, art. 39-bis.1 – Permesso di soggiorno per ricerca lavoro o imprenditorialita' degli studenti (consolidated, in force)
Normattiva (Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-04 - [137] D.Lgs. 286/1998, art. 5 – Permesso di soggiorno (consolidated, in force)
Normattiva (Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-04 · Archived copy - [138] D.Lgs. 286/1998, art. 9 – Permesso di soggiorno UE per soggiornanti di lungo periodo (consolidated, in force)
Normattiva (Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-04 · Archived copy - [139] EU long-term residence permit
Welcome Office Friuli Venezia Giulia (Regione Autonoma FVG) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-04 · Archived copy - [140] Lietuvos Respublikos investicijų įstatymas (Law on Investments) No. VIII-1312, consolidated text in force from 2 November 2025
Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas (e-seimas.lrs.lt consolidated-law service) · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2025-11-02 · Accessed 2026-08-17 · Archived copy - [141] Valstybės rinkliavų sąrašas – Leidimai gyventi (state fee schedule for residence permits)
Migracijos departamentas prie Lietuvos Respublikos vidaus reikalų ministerijos · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Published 2024-07-11 · Accessed 2026-08-22 · Archived copy - [142] Socialinės apsaugos ir darbo ministro 2007 m. sausio 29 d. įsakymas Nr. A1-22 dėl pragyvenimo Lietuvos Respublikoje lėšų dydžio nustatymo
Lietuvos Respublikos socialinės apsaugos ir darbo ministras (e-seimas.lrs.lt) · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2007-01-29 · Accessed 2026-08-17 · Archived copy - [143] Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymas dėl užsieniečių teisinės padėties (Law on the Legal Status of Aliens) No. IX-2206, consolidated text in force 1 July 2026 – 31 October 2026
Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas (e-seimas.lrs.lt consolidated-law service) · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2026-07-01 · Accessed 2026-08-17 - [144] Staying in Luxembourg after completing studies – job search or business creation
Guichet.lu – State Information and Press Service, Luxembourg · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2023-09-01 · Accessed 2026-08-14 - [145] Applying for a residence permit for third-country pupils on an exchange programme
Guichet.lu – State Information and Press Service, Luxembourg · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2023-07-10 · Accessed 2026-08-14 - [146] Applying for a residence permit for third-country students
Guichet.lu – State Information and Press Service, Luxembourg · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2023-07-10 · Accessed 2026-08-14 - [147] Version consolidée applicable au 12/06/2026 : Loi du 29 août 2008 portant sur la libre circulation des personnes et l'immigration
Journal officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (Legilux) · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-12 · Accessed 2026-08-14 - [148] Grozījumi Imigrācijas likumā (amending law of 23 April 2026)
Saeima / Latvijas Vēstnesis · gazette · Tier 1 · Published 2026-05-06 · Accessed 2026-08-16 - [149] Imigrācijas likums (Immigration Law), consolidated text in force from 20 May 2026
Saeima / Latvijas Vēstnesis (likumi.lv consolidated-law service) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-16 - [150] Ministru kabineta noteikumi Nr. 225 "Noteikumi par arzemniekam nepieciesamo finansu lidzeklu apmeru un finansu lidzeklu esibas konstatesanu"
Ministru kabinets / Latvijas Vestnesis (likumi.lv) · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2024-02-08 · Accessed 2026-08-16 - [151] Ministru kabineta noteikumi Nr. 55 "Noteikumi par arzemnieku nodarbinasanu"
Ministru kabinets / Latvijas Vestnesis (likumi.lv) · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2025-01-01 · Accessed 2026-08-16 - [152] The long-term resident status of the European Community in Latvia
Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs (PMLP) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2025-07-24 · Accessed 2026-08-16 - [153] The necessary subsistence
Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs (PMLP) · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2026-03-16 · Accessed 2026-08-16 - [154] Latvia temporarily suspends issuance of temporary residence permits to Russian and Belarusian citizens
Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs (PMLP) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2022-06-13 · Accessed 2026-08-16 - [155] Studies at an accredited higher educational establishment
Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs (PMLP) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2023-02-21 · Accessed 2026-08-16 - [156] How long may the residence permit be issued for?
Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs (PMLP) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2022-06-13 · Accessed 2026-08-16 - [157] State fee for issuing the residence permit
Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs (PMLP) · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Published 2026-03-18 · Accessed 2026-08-16 - [158] Central Visa Unit – Student visa and employment
Identita · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-07 - [159] Frequently Asked Questions – Expatriates – Study
Identita · official guidance · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-07 - [160] Form N.01 – Application for a residence permit for the purpose of study (version 2.2)
Identita · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2024-09-20 · Accessed 2026-08-07 - [161] Form N.03 – Stay for the purpose of job-searching or entrepreneurship (version 1.2)
Identita · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2025-08-18 · Accessed 2026-08-07 - [162] List of required documents – Student National Visa (version 2.1)
Identita · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2025-08-13 · Accessed 2026-08-07 - [163] Study, Research, Trainees, Volunteers and Interns
Identita · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-07 - [164] Status of Long-term Residents (Third Country Nationals) Regulations (S.L. 217.05), consolidated text
Legislation Unit, Office of the State Advocate (Legislation Malta) · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2021-03-11 · Accessed 2026-08-07 - [165] Conditions of Entry and Residence of Third-Country Nationals for the Purposes of Research, Studies, Training and Voluntary Service in the Mobility Project for Young People: Voluntary Projects Regulations (S.L. 217.22), consolidated text
Legislation Unit, Office of the State Advocate (Legislation Malta) · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2021-01-01 · Accessed 2026-08-07 - [166] Visa de residente temporal para estudiante — requisitos
Consulado de México en Barcelona (SRE) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-17 · Accessed 2026-08-04 - [167] Residente temporal por unidad familiar — requisitos
Consulado de México en Barcelona (SRE) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-17 · Accessed 2026-08-04 - [168] Ley de Migración (texto vigente, última reforma DOF 15-01-2026)
Cámara de Diputados del H. Congreso de la Unión · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2026-01-15 · Accessed 2026-08-04 · Archived copy - [169] Ley Federal de Derechos, arts. 8 y 22 (cuotas migratorias y consulares; última reforma DOF 07-11-2025)
Cámara de Diputados del H. Congreso de la Unión · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Published 2025-11-07 · Accessed 2026-08-04 · Archived copy - [170] Lineamientos Generales para la expedición de visas que emiten las secretarías de Gobernación y de Relaciones Exteriores (DOF 25-07-2025)
Diario Oficial de la Federación (SEGOB/SRE) · gazette · Tier 1 · Published 2025-07-25 · Accessed 2026-08-04 · Archived copy · Amended by mx-dof-reforma-lineamientos-2026 - [171] Reglamento de la Ley de Migración (última reforma DOF 23-05-2014)
Cámara de Diputados del H. Congreso de la Unión · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2014-05-23 · Accessed 2026-08-04 · Archived copy - [172] Decision periods – statutory decision periods per application type
Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedienst (IND), Ministry of Justice and Security · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2026-07-06 · Accessed 2026-08-09 · Archived copy - [173] Fees: costs of an application (leges)
Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedienst (IND), Ministry of Justice and Security · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-12 · Accessed 2026-08-09 · Archived copy - [174] Requirements that apply to everyone – general conditions for every regular residence permit
Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedienst (IND) · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2026-03-20 · Accessed 2026-08-09 - [175] Main residency – when the IND considers main residence moved abroad
Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedienst (IND), Ministry of Justice and Security · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2026-07-20 · Accessed 2026-08-09 · Archived copy - [176] Residence permit for minor child to stay with parent – conditions and permit terms
Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedienst (IND) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-07-24 · Accessed 2026-08-09 - [177] Residence permit for orientation year – conditions and permit terms
Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedienst (IND) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-12 · Accessed 2026-08-09 - [178] Residence permit for partner – conditions, sponsor rules and permit terms
Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedienst (IND) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-07-24 · Accessed 2026-08-09 - [179] Required amounts income requirements (normbedragen)
Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedienst (IND), Ministry of Justice and Security · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-07-13 · Accessed 2026-08-09 · Archived copy - [180] Student residence permit for university or higher professional education – conditions and permit terms
Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedienst (IND) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-08 · Accessed 2026-08-09 - [181] Vreemdelingenbesluit 2000, artikel 3.41 (studie; consolidated text)
Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties / overheid.nl (wetten.overheid.nl) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-11 - [182] Decreto Legislativo 1582, que modifica el Decreto Legislativo 1350, Decreto Legislativo de Migraciones (texto de los artículos modificados, incl. art. 29 – tipos de calidades migratorias – y art. 38 – unidad migratoria familiar)
Diario Oficial El Peruano / Poder Ejecutivo · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2023-11-14 · Accessed 2026-08-26 · Archived copy - [183] Decreto Supremo 002-2021-IN, que modifica el Reglamento del Decreto Legislativo 1350 (arts. 12, 31-34, 43, 47, 51, 56, 58, 63, 64, 65, 67, 75, 87, 88, 156, 190; incorpora arts. 86-A, 86-B, 92-A, 92-B) y el Reglamento de la Ley 26574, Ley de Nacionalidad
Diario Oficial El Peruano / Ministerio del Interior · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2021-03-24 · Accessed 2026-08-26 · Archived copy - [184] Solicitar calidad migratoria de formación residente — ficha del procedimiento en la sede digital de MIGRACIONES
Superintendencia Nacional de Migraciones (MIGRACIONES), via gob.pe · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2024-06-17 · Accessed 2026-08-26 · Archived copy - [185] MIGRACIONES: Ley y Reglamento — Decreto Legislativo 1130, Decreto Legislativo 1350 y el Reglamento aprobado por Decreto Supremo 007-2017-IN, texto consolidado con notas de modificación al pie (primera edición, junio 2023; incorpora las modificaciones del Decreto Supremo 002-2021-IN, del Decreto Supremo 003-2023-IN y del Decreto Supremo 004-2023-IN). Publicación oficial de la autoridad administradora; no lleva fecha de publicación en el diario oficial, por lo que el as_of de los valores que la citan es la fecha de acceso
Superintendencia Nacional de Migraciones (MIGRACIONES) · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-26 · Archived copy - [186] Texto Único de Procedimientos Administrativos de la Superintendencia Nacional de Migraciones (TUPA 2023, modificado por Resolución de Superintendencia 150-2025-MIGRACIONES) – 286 pp., 53 procedimientos y los servicios prestados en exclusividad
Superintendencia Nacional de Migraciones (MIGRACIONES) · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-26 · Archived copy - [187] Ustawa z dnia 12 grudnia 2013 r. o cudzoziemcach — tekst ujednolicony (Dz.U. 2025 poz. 1079)
Kancelaria Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2025-08-07 · Accessed 2026-08-23 · Amended by pl-aliens-act-amendment-2025-1794, pl-work-admissibility-act-2025 - [188] Rozporządzenie Ministra Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji z dnia 26 lipca 2022 r. w sprawie opłat pobieranych w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej od cudzoziemców za wydanie i wymianę dokumentów (Dz.U. 2022 poz. 1583)
Kancelaria Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Published 2022-07-26 · Accessed 2026-08-23 - [189] Zezwolenie na pobyt czasowy — praca: katalog zezwoleń
Urząd do Spraw Cudzoziemców — Moduł Obsługi Spraw · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-24 - [190] Zezwolenie na pobyt czasowy w celu kształcenia się na studiach
Urząd do Spraw Cudzoziemców — Moduł Obsługi Spraw · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-24 · Archived copy - [191] Akt prawny: ustawa o cudzoziemcach (Dz.U. 2013 poz. 1650) — metadane ELI, w tym wykaz aktów wykonawczych i aktów zmieniających
Kancelaria Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej — API ELI · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-24 - [192] Ustawa z dnia 16 listopada 2006 r. o opłacie skarbowej — tekst ujednolicony (Dz.U. 2025 poz. 1154), załącznik część III
Kancelaria Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-23 - [193] Rozporządzenie Ministra Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji z dnia 6 lutego 2018 r. w sprawie wysokości środków finansowych, jakie musi posiadać cudzoziemiec podejmujący lub kontynuujący studia na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (Dz.U. 2018 poz. 337, ze zm. Dz.U. 2021 poz. 738)
Kancelaria Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2018-02-09 · Accessed 2026-08-24 - [194] Ustawa z dnia 20 marca 2025 r. o warunkach dopuszczalności powierzania pracy cudzoziemcom na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej — tekst ujednolicony (Dz.U. 2025 poz. 621, 1794, z 2026 r. poz. 203, 473, 734)
Kancelaria Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2025-05-16 · Accessed 2026-08-24 - [195] Autorização de Residência Emitida a Estudantes do Ensino Superior – Art. 91.º
AIMA, I. P. · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-07 - [196] Meios de subsistência – Documentação instrutória – Vistos Nacionais
Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros (Portal dos Vistos) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-07 - [197] Portaria n.º 1563/2007, de 11 de dezembro – meios de subsistência
Diário da República, 1.ª série, n.º 238 · gazette · Tier 1 · Published 2007-12-11 · Accessed 2026-08-06 - [198] Lei n.º 23/2007, de 4 de julho (REPSAE – regime de entrada, permanência, saída e afastamento de estrangeiros), texto consolidado, 19.ª versão
Procuradoria-Geral Distrital de Lisboa – base de dados de legislação consolidada · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2025-10-22 · Accessed 2026-08-06 - [199] Perceperea taxei de viza
Ministerul Afacerilor Externe — Centrul National de Vize · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [200] Tipuri de vize şi scopurile deplasării
Ministerul Afacerilor Externe – Centrul Naţional de Vize (eViza) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [201] Alte scopuri — administrator, sef de filiala sau reprezentanta, formare profesionala neremunerata, voluntariat, lucrator au-pair, tratament medical, nomazi digitali
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrari · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [202] Permisul unic / Cartea albastra a UE — obtinerea si prelungirea dreptului de sedere in scop de munca si de detasare
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrari · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [203] Informare privind dreptul de şedere pe termen lung, condiţiile de acordare şi când încetează acesta
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrări · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2023-03-29 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [204] Studii — viza de lunga sedere si permisul de sedere in scop de studii
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrari · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [205] Taxele pe care trebuie sa le achitati pentru obtinerea permisului de sedere
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrari · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [206] Ordonanţa de urgenţă a Guvernului nr. 194/2002 privind regimul străinilor în România, republicată – formă consolidată valabilă la 30 aprilie 2026 (publicată de IGI)
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrări / Guvernul României · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2008-06-05 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [207] Family who want to apply afterwards – study
Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2025-12-03 · Accessed 2026-08-22 - [208] Look for work after completing your studies in Sweden
Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2025-02-18 · Accessed 2026-08-22 - [209] New rules for residence permits for studies in higher education
Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket) · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2026-08-21 · Accessed 2026-08-22 - [210] New rules for researchers and doctoral students
Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket) · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2026-05-25 · Accessed 2026-08-22 - [211] Permanent residence permits for doctoral students
Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2025-02-17 · Accessed 2026-08-22 - [212] Contract or specialisation education
Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2025-02-25 · Accessed 2026-08-22 - [213] Doctoral studies
Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2025-02-17 · Accessed 2026-08-22 - [214] Higher education – residence permit for studies in Sweden
Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2025-06-04 · Accessed 2026-08-22 - [215] Studera (Swedish-language study hub)
Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2025-02-25 · Accessed 2026-08-22 - [216] Studies in a mobility programme
Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2025-02-25 · Accessed 2026-08-22 - [217] Other studies and exchange studies at upper secondary school
Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-24 · Accessed 2026-08-22 - [218] Prisbasbeloppet for ar 2026
Statistiska centralbyran (SCB) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2025-07-14 · Accessed 2026-08-22 - [219] SFSR amendment register for Utlanningslag (2005:716)
Regeringskansliet · gazette · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-22 - [220] Utlanningsforordning (2006:97), consolidated text
Sveriges riksdag · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-22 - [221] Utlanningslag (2005:716), consolidated text, amended up to and including SFS 2026:1451
Sveriges riksdag / Regeringskansliet · statute · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-22 - [222] Delo tujcev z dovoljenjem za prebivanje
Zavod Republike Slovenije za zaposlovanje · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [223] Entry and residence
Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve in javno upravo (GOV.SI) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2026-06-12 · Accessed 2026-08-25 · Archived copy - [224] Dovoljenje za začasno prebivanje na podlagi mobilnosti študentov
Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve in javno upravo · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2026-08-19 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [225] Dovoljenje za prebivanje na podlagi dela (kazalo)
Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve in javno upravo · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2026-01-15 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [226] Prehod iz študija v redno zaposlitev
Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve in javno upravo · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2026-08-10 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [227] Dovoljenje za stalno prebivanje
Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve in javno upravo · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2026-08-12 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [228] Dovoljenje za začasno prebivanje študentov zaradi iskanja zaposlitve ali samozaposlitve
Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve in javno upravo · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2026-08-19 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [229] Dovoljenje za začasno prebivanje zaradi študija
Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve in javno upravo · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2026-08-19 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [230] Združitev družine in pravica do celovitosti družine
Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve in javno upravo · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2026-08-13 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [231] Enotna dovoljenja (eBDP) – Stroški
Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve in javno upravo (SPOT) · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Published 2024-03-27 · Accessed 2026-08-25 · Archived copy - [232] Zakon o tujcih (uradno prečiščeno besedilo) (ZTuj-2-UPB15)
Uradni list Republike Slovenije · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2025-06-24 · Accessed 2026-08-25 · Archived copy - [233] Zakon o spremembah in dopolnitvah Zakona o tujcih (ZTuj-2I)
Državni zbor Republike Slovenije / Uradni list Republike Slovenije · gazette · Tier 1 · Published 2025-05-06 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [234] Zákon č. 404/2011 Z. z. o pobyte cudzincov a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov (znenie vyhlásené v Zbierke zákonov, čiastka 126)
Ministerstvo vnútra SR (kópia vyhláseného znenia na webovom sídle Úradu hraničnej a cudzineckej polície) · gazette · Tier 1 · Published 2011-10-21 · Accessed 2026-08-24 - [235] Kto nepotrebuje povolenie na zamestnanie ani potvrdenie o možnosti obsadenia voľného pracovného miesta?
Migračné informačné centrum IOM (Medzinárodná organizácia pre migráciu) · international organisation · Tier 2 · Published 2026-08-11 · Accessed 2026-08-24 - [236] Pobyt cudzinca – účely prechodného pobytu, druhy trvalého pobytu a podávanie žiadostí
Ministerstvo zahraničných vecí a európskych záležitostí SR (Generálny konzulát SR v Užhorode) · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2022-07-08 · Accessed 2026-08-24 - [237] Poplatky — sadzobník konzulárnych poplatkov, položky 240 až 265 (položka 242: žiadosti o udelenie pobytu)
Ministerstvo zahraničných vecí a európskych záležitostí SR · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Published 2024-03-11 · Accessed 2026-08-24 - [238] 44. Finančné zabezpečenie pobytu podľa zákona č. 404/2011 Z. z. o pobyte cudzincov (edícia október 2024)
Úrad hraničnej a cudzineckej polície, Prezídium Policajného zboru, Ministerstvo vnútra SR · official guidance · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-24 · Superseded by sk-uhcp-faq-podnikanie - [239] 14. Doklady potrebné k prijatiu žiadosti o udelenie prechodného pobytu na účel štúdia podľa § 24 zákona o pobyte cudzincov (edícia júl 2025)
Úrad hraničnej a cudzineckej polície Prezídia Policajného zboru, Ministerstvo vnútra SR · official guidance · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-24 - [240] 4. Zamestnanie štátneho príslušníka tretej krajiny, u ktorého sa povolenie na zamestnanie ani potvrdenie o možnosti obsadenia VPM nevyžaduje (§ 23a zákona č. 5/2004 Z. z. o službách zamestnanosti)
Ústredie práce, sociálnych vecí a rodiny SR · official portal · Tier 1 · Published 2024-03-07 · Accessed 2026-08-24