Romania
Residency route coverage
| Route family | Routes | Coverage |
|---|---|---|
| Investment | No routes recorded | No qualifying route as of 2026-08-25[6][12] Romania has no residence route granted for making an investment. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs publishes a closed catalogue of long-stay visa purposes, and no purpose in it is defined by acquiring an asset, whether property, funds, bonds, a bank deposit or a donation. What Romania does have is the pair of commercial-activities routes shown here under entrepreneur; their capital and job-creation figures are conditions on someone who runs the business, not on someone who only funds it. |
| Remote work |
| Routes recorded as of 2026-08-25[6][9][20] |
| Passive income | No routes recorded | No qualifying route as of 2026-08-25[6][12] Romania has no residence route for a person living on a pension, rental income, dividends, interest or capital. The same closed catalogue of long-stay visa purposes that carries the investment negative was read for this one, and so was the closed enumeration inside the other-purposes limb; both are set out in full in the investment coverage note. No purpose in either is retirement, private means or economic self-sufficiency, and no purpose is defined by the applicant's income alone. Two things in the enumeration come close enough that a reader should be told why they are not this family, and both are found in the other-purposes limb. The residual – foreigners carrying on other activities that do not contravene Romanian law, if they justify their presence on Romanian territory – is a discretionary ground keyed to an activity and a justification, not a means test: IGI requires the favourable opinion of the competent authorities where applicable, or documents proving the necessity of staying in Romania, together with proof of means of maintenance at least at the level of the monthly average gross salary. A person whose only case is that they have money and wish to live in Romania is not carrying on an activity, so the means figure attached to the residual is a floor on top of a qualifying activity rather than a route in itself. The other is long-term medical treatment, which is time-limited to the duration of the treatment stated in the medical institution's letter of acceptance and is a health route, not an income one. The general condition of article 50 points the same way: means of maintenance are among the documents every extension application must carry, whatever its purpose, which makes them a floor rather than a purpose. Note for the reader planning ahead: the absence is of a route, not of a settled path – a person who does qualify on another purpose reaches long-term residence after five years of continuous residence, and that instrument is recorded at country level. |
| Entrepreneur |
| Routes recorded as of 2026-08-25[6][8][11] |
| Work |
| Routes recorded as of 2026-08-25[6][9][10][15][19][20] |
| Study |
| Routes recorded as of 2026-08-25[6][17][18][20] |
| Family | Routes recorded as of 2026-08-25[6][14][16][20] |
Country facts
Identity
| Local name | România |
|---|---|
| ISO code | ROU |
| Region | Europe |
| Currency | RON as of 2026-08-25[4] The EU country profile states Romania's currency is the Romanian Leu, RON, and that Romania has committed to adopt the euro once it fulfils the necessary conditions. |
| Official languages | ro as of 2026-08-25[4] |
Memberships
| Memberships |
|---|
Permanent residence
| Qualifying years | 5 as of 2026-08-25[17] IGI: to obtain the long-term residence right (dreptul de sedere pe termen lung) the applicant must have had continuous residence in Romania over the last 5 years. Romania's long-term residence right is the instrument this field describes; the long-term residence permit is valid for 10 years for a family member of a Romanian citizen and 5 years for every other purpose of stay. The residence period spent for study counts at half weight, and stay conferred by a short-stay visa, a diplomatic or service visa, or a permit as a seasonal or au-pair worker does not count at all. |
|---|---|
| Language requirement | Not established from a qualifying source |
| Integration requirement | Not established from a qualifying source |
| Income requirement | Not established from a qualifying source |
| Absence rules |
|
Citizenship
| Years to naturalisation | Not established from a qualifying source |
|---|---|
| of which on permanent residence | Not established from a qualifying source Not established. Same retrieval failure as naturalization_years. |
| Dual citizenship | Not established from a qualifying source |
| Language requirement | Not established from a qualifying source Not established. Same retrieval failure as naturalization_years. Article 8 is reported to require knowledge of Romanian and of elementary notions of Romanian culture and civilisation, together with knowledge of the Constitution and the national anthem, but no CEFR level is attached by any source read and no Tier-1 text was reachable, so neither the requirement nor a level is asserted. |
| Citizenship test required | Not established from a qualifying source Not established. Same retrieval failure as naturalization_years. |
Tax
| Tax-residency day threshold | 183 as of 2026-08-25[3] |
|---|---|
| Other tax-residency triggers | domicile, centre of vital interests as of 2026-08-25[3] ANAF states three domestic residence criteria, of which the day count has its own field here. The other two are domicile in Romania – defined as a permanent home, owned, rented or otherwise available at any time to the person and their family – and the centre of vital interests, defined as the state with which the person's personal and economic relations are closer, with personal relations covering dependent family and participation in cultural or other activities and economic relations covering employment by a Romanian employer, business activity in Romania, immovable property in Romania and Romanian bank accounts. Habitual abode appears in the same material only as a tie-breaker under double-taxation conventions, not as a domestic trigger, and is therefore not recorded here. |
| Headline income tax rate | 10% as of 2026-08-25[1] Flat rate. ANAF's April 2026 presentation on the Declaratia Unica states the annual tax on income from independent activities assessed on income norms is calculated by applying a rate of 10 per cent, citing article 69^2 of Legea nr. 227/2015 privind Codul fiscal, and applies the same 10 per cent rate to net annual income assessed in the real system. Separate rates apply to particular categories and are not this field: the presentation records that from 1 January 2026 a flat 30 per cent deduction applies to gross income in one assessment method, and dividends and some capital income are taxed at their own rates. |
| Income tax structure | flat as of 2026-08-25[1] The same rate of 10 per cent applies to the net annual taxable income irrespective of its size; the material sets out no bands. |
| Net-wealth tax | Not established from a qualifying source as of 2026-08-25[2] |
| Inheritance or estate tax | Not established from a qualifying source |
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Reference figures
| national minimum gross base wage guaranteed in payment |
|
|---|---|
| average gross earning |
|
Changes
Recent changes
| 2026-04-27 | The Romanian long-stay visa fee rose from 120 euro to 300 EURO – a 150 per cent increase – for applications sent for validation to Romanian diplomatic missions and consular posts through the e-Viza portal FROM 27 APRIL 2026; applications sent before that date are charged 120 euro. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs states both figures and the cut-off date on its own fee page. It is a single fee across every long-stay visa symbol, so it reaches every route in this record that begins with a long-stay visa. The date is the same day Ordonanta de urgenta nr. 32/2026 entered into force. Two exemptions survive it: Ukrainian citizens have paid no long-stay visa fee since 21 October 2016 under a bilateral agreement, and family members of Romanian, EU, EEA and Swiss citizens who accompany or join them are exempt. Affects: EU Blue Card — highly qualified worker, Long-stay employment visa D/AM1 — nationals of the Republic of Moldova, Ukraine and the Republic of Serbia, Long-stay employment visa D/AM1 — ministry-requested activities, teaching, scientific and artistic activities, and professional athletes, Permanent worker — long-stay employment visa D/AM2, Seasonal worker — long-stay employment visa D/AM2, Cross-border worker — long-stay employment visa D/AM2, Posted worker — long-stay posting visa D/DT, Intra-corporate transferee — ICT permit and mobile ICT permit, Temporary residence for scientific research activities — long-stay visa D/CS, Heads of branch, subsidiary or representative office in Romania of a company established abroad, Au pair worker, Long-stay visa for religious activities (D/AR), Digital nomad, Student — long-stay study visa D/SD, Pupil — long-stay study visa D/SD, Trainee — long-stay study visa D/SD, Unpaid vocational training, Family reunification — long-stay visa D/VF[5] |
|---|---|
| 2026-04-27 | Ordonanta de urgenta nr. 32 din 23 aprilie 2026 privind accesul strainilor pe piata muncii din Romania, published in Monitorul Oficial nr. 335 of 27 April 2026, entered into force that day and REWROTE ARTICLE 2 OF THE ALIENS ORDINANCE, inserting the statutory definitions on which the whole work family now rests: employer (lit. aa), beneficiary of the provision of services (bb), permanent worker (cc), au-pair worker (dd), seasonal worker (ee), cross-border worker (ff), highly qualified worker (gg), posted worker (hh), ICT worker (ii), specially qualified personnel (jj), highly qualified job (kk), superior professional qualifications (ll), higher-education qualification (mm), right to work (nn), intra-corporate transfer (oo), group of undertakings (pp) and manager (qq). It also amended lit. o^3), the host family for au-pair purposes. Every one of those letters was read directly in the consolidated text valid to 30 April 2026 and is cited on the routes it defines. Two of them carry substantive rules inside the definition rather than in a conditions article: lit. hh) fixes the posted worker at 12 months extendable to a maximum of 18 in any 36-month period, and lit. gg) fixes the highly qualified worker's contract at indefinite or at least six months. Affects: EU Blue Card — highly qualified worker, Permanent worker — long-stay employment visa D/AM2, Seasonal worker — long-stay employment visa D/AM2, Cross-border worker — long-stay employment visa D/AM2, Posted worker — long-stay posting visa D/DT, Intra-corporate transferee — ICT permit and mobile ICT permit, Au pair worker[20] |
| 2026-04-23 | Guvernul a adoptat Ordonanţa de urgenţă nr. 32 din 23 aprilie 2026 privind accesul străinilor pe piaţa muncii din România, precum şi pentru modificarea şi completarea unor acte normative. IGI lists it at the head of its own legislation index and the consolidated Aliens Ordinance published in April 2026 names it as the most recent instrument folded into that consolidation, so it amends the Aliens Ordinance as well as governing labour-market access. Its content is not summarised here and no route is recorded as affected by it; the routes it is most likely to reach are the work-family ones.[13][20] |
| 2026-03-13 | Hotărârea Guvernului nr. 146/2026 raises the national minimum gross base wage from 4,050 lei to 4,325 lei a month with effect from 1 July 2026, and repeals Hotărârea Guvernului nr. 1.506/2024 on the same date. The figure is the reference for several means tests in the Aliens Ordinance. Affects: ro-salariu-minim-brut[7] |
Verification
| Sources cited | 20 |
|---|---|
| of which official (tier 1) | 20 |
| Oldest as-of date | 2026-08-25 |
| Newest as-of date | 2026-08-25 |
| Reviewed on | 2026-08-26 |
| Schema version | 1.1 |
Sources
- [1] Completarea şi depunerea Declaraţiei Unice privind impozitul pe venit şi contribuţiile sociale datorate de persoanele fizice care obţin venituri din activităţi independente (22 aprilie 2026)
Agenţia Naţională de Administrare Fiscală – DGRFP Cluj-Napoca · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2026-04-22 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [2] Broşură privind impozitul special pe bunurile imobile şi mobile de valoare mare şi Declaraţia – formular 216
Agenţia Naţională de Administrare Fiscală · official guidance · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [3] Stabilirea rezidenţei fiscale pentru persoane fizice (material informativ, octombrie 2025)
Agenţia Naţională de Administrare Fiscală – DGRFP Iaşi · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2025-10-15 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [4] Romania – EU country
European Union (Directorate-General for Communication) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [5] Perceperea taxei de viza
Ministerul Afacerilor Externe — Centrul National de Vize · fee schedule · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [6] Tipuri de vize şi scopurile deplasării
Ministerul Afacerilor Externe – Centrul Naţional de Vize (eViza) · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [7] Hotărârea Guvernului nr. 146 din 12 martie 2026 pentru stabilirea salariului de bază minim brut pe ţară garantat în plată
Guvernul României (text publicat de Agenţia Naţională de Administrare Fiscală) · gazette · Tier 1 · Published 2026-03-13 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [8] Activităţi comerciale
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrări · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [9] Alte scopuri — administrator, sef de filiala sau reprezentanta, formare profesionala neremunerata, voluntariat, lucrator au-pair, tratament medical, nomazi digitali
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrari · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [10] Activitati de cercetare stiintifica — viza de lunga sedere si permisul de sedere
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrari · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [11] Informare referitoare la condiţiile pentru prelungirea dreptului de şedere temporară în România a străinilor desemnaţi ca administratori ai unei societăţi comerciale
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrări · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2024-04-25 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [12] Informare privind condiţiile de prelungire a dreptului de şedere temporară
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrări · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2024-07-10 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [13] Legislaţie – actele normative în vigoare publicate de Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrări
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrări · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [14] Permis de sedere — membri de familie ai cetatenilor romani si ai sponsorilor cetateni terti, dreptul de sedere in mod independent
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrari · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [15] Permisul unic / Cartea albastra a UE — obtinerea si prelungirea dreptului de sedere in scop de munca si de detasare
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrari · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [16] Aprobarea reintregirii familiei cu cetateni terti
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrari · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [17] Informare privind dreptul de şedere pe termen lung, condiţiile de acordare şi când încetează acesta
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrări · official guidance · Tier 1 · Published 2023-03-29 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [18] Studii — viza de lunga sedere si permisul de sedere in scop de studii
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrari · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [19] Viza de lunga sedere pentru angajare in munca
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrari · official portal · Tier 1 · Accessed 2026-08-25 - [20] Ordonanţa de urgenţă a Guvernului nr. 194/2002 privind regimul străinilor în România, republicată – formă consolidată valabilă la 30 aprilie 2026 (publicată de IGI)
Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrări / Guvernul României · statute · Tier 1 · Published 2008-06-05 · Accessed 2026-08-25